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Mild steel specimens (API 5L X65) were pretreated to form a pyrrhotite layer on the surface using high temperature sulfidation in oil, then exposed to a range of aqueous CO2 and H2S corrosion environments, leading to initiation of localized corrosion.
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A study investigated corrosion at the cement/casing interface for 13Cr casing steel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) found that corrosion increased with increasing temperature.
A series of experiments was conducted in a large-scale multi-phase flow loop to investigate the threshold level of H2S leading to localized attack on mild steel in CO2 saturated aqueous solution with 1%wt NaCl at 40°C.
H2S corrosion, also known as sour corrosion, is one of the most researched types of metal degradation in oil and gas transmission pipelines requiring a wide range of environmental conditions and detailed surface analysis techniques. This is because localized or pitting corrosion is known to be the main type of corrosion failure in sour environments which caused 12% of all oilfield corrosion incidents according to a report from 1996. Therefore, control and reduction of this type of corrosion could prevent such failures in oil and gas industries, and significantly enhance asset integrity while reducing maintenance costs as well as eliminating environmental damage.
The condensation of acidic species from vapor to liquid occurs when the system is cooled to or below the dew point temperature. Such condensation leads to extremely aggressive corrosion that is referred to as acid dew point corrosion. Some also refer to this corrosion as low temperature corrosion or cold corrosion.