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Impact Of Material Properties Of Thick-Wall X65 TMCP Plate Steel For Sour Service
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Impact Of Material Properties Of Thick-Wall X65 TMCP Plate Steel For Sour Service

Product Number: 51322-17917-SG
Author: Thomas Haase, Christoph Bosch, Matthias Frommert, Markus Schürmann, Alexander Voelling, Sven Casper
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Low-alloy steel of API(1) 5L grade X65 is commonly used as line pipe material for sour service applications, where, due to stringent operation limits, resistivity to Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC), Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) and Stress-Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking (SOHIC) is required and tested before and after plate into pipe forming. Within recent years more challenging requirements have been introduced, including more severe corrosion test conditions, increased mechanical properties and extended limitations regarding hardness, to enable application to increasingly severe sour service conditions. For steel plants and plate manufacturers this entails the necessity to further improve the quality of their products together with separate improvements and modifications on the production plants and processes that have been implemented anyway.
Picture for In-situ 3D Analysis of Hydrogen Induced Cracking Behavior in Linepipe Steels to Investigate Sour Environmental Severity
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In-situ 3D Analysis of Hydrogen Induced Cracking Behavior in Linepipe Steels to Investigate Sour Environmental Severity

Product Number: 51321-16383-SG
Author: Kyono Yasuda/Taishi Fujishiro/Eiji Tada/Nobuyuki Ishikawa/Takuya Hara/Mitsuo Kimura/
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Long-Term Performance of HLP Solution for Mildly Sour HIC Testing
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Long-Term Performance of HLP Solution for Mildly Sour HIC Testing

Product Number: 51317--9129-SG
ISBN: 9129 2017 CP
Author: Daisuke Mizuno
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

Applicability of High Strength Line Pipe solution has been evaluated by conducting 30-day Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) tests. Reproducibility of corrosion loss and HIC damage was investigated in comparison with those of the conventional solution, specified by NACE TM0284-2016, Solution C.
Picture for New Axially Loaded Full Ring Test Method for Assessment of Susceptibility of Girth Welds and Parent
Available for download

New Axially Loaded Full Ring Test Method for Assessment of Susceptibility of Girth Welds and Parent Pipe to Sour Service Cracking

Product Number: 51317--8965-SG
ISBN: 8965 2017 CP
Author: Philip Dent
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

New axially loaded full ring test method which was developed and demonstrated to combine the benefits of retaining a full as-welded pipe pup-piece, permitting single-sided exposure, with the advantage of tensile loading of the complete tubular specimen.
Picture for Role of Non-Metallic Inclusions and the Microstructure Constituents on HIC Performance
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Role of Non-Metallic Inclusions and the Microstructure Constituents on HIC Performance

Product Number: MPWT19-14439
Author: Amro Al-Hattab1,Diaa Elsanosy2, Gaurav Tomer3, Abdullah Al-Jarbou4
Publication Date: 2019
$0.00

With increasing oil & gas demand and depletion of sweet reserves, oil & gas companies in the regional
economies are focusing towards the exploitation of sour resources. This necessitates the use of pipelines
and down-hole tubing made from special steels with significant resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking
(HIC). These steels are produced through specific technologies for enhanced chemical composition control
and microstructural engineering to incorporate the required strength, weld ability and improved HIC
resistance. It is well established that the HIC initiates at sites with microstructural heterogeneities whether
due to presence of gross nonmetallic inclusions or the micro-structural constituents. The presence of central
segregation further aggravates the conditions particularly when the final pipe sizes require the longitudinal
slitting of the coils. Presence of non-metallic inclusions in the steel makes it vulnerable to hydrogen-induced
cracking under wet H2S environment. The mechanism of HIC begins with the generation of hydrogen atoms
by corrosion reaction of H2S and Fe in the presence of free water. The hydrogen atoms then diffuse into
steel and accumulate around the inclusions. The higher number of inclusions equates to the more sites
available for hydrogen adsorption. Recombination of hydrogen atoms to H2 molecules builds up a heavy
gas pressure in the interface between matrix and inclusions. Cracking initiates because of the tensile stress
field caused by hydrogen gas pressure and crack propagates in the surrounding steel matrix. The
longitudinal slitting exposes the internal microstructural abnormalities to the skelp edges which are then
incorporated in the thermally stressed weld zone. While the post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) mostly
homogenizes the weld zone microstructure, the presence of excessive central line features cannot be
completely removed thereby making this zone more prone to HIC attack
Picture for Sour Environmental Severity Based On Hydrogen Permeability And HIC/SSC Susceptibilities
Available for download

Sour Environmental Severity Based On Hydrogen Permeability And HIC/SSC Susceptibilities

Product Number: 51321-16543-SG
Author: Taishi Fujishiro/ Takuya Hara/ Daisuke Mizuno/ Nobuyuki Ishikawa/ Kyono Yasuda/ Eiji Tada/ Mitsuo Kimura
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for SSC Limits Of TMCP Line Pipes
Available for download

SSC Limits Of TMCP Line Pipes

Product Number: 51321-16516-SG
Author: Hervé Marchebois/ Christoph Bosch/Ali Smith
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Strategies to Control and Minimize Corrosion and HIC Damage Found in Amine Absorber HIC Resistant Steels
Available for download

Strategies to Control and Minimize Corrosion and HIC Damage Found in Amine Absorber HIC Resistant Steels

Product Number: MECC23-20093-SG
Author: Gerrit M Buchheim, P.E.; Olavo C Dias
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

As environmental sulfur limits become more stringent, there has been a recent surge in preferential and localized corrosion in amine units. This has occurred even with HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) resistant steels and in equipment where velocity limits are not exceeded.
Amine absorbers and associated rich amine piping particularly around the welds, downcomers and other turbulent locations are particularly vulnerable.
Picture for Vessels Replacement Program to Enhance Safety and Reliability
Available for download

Vessels Replacement Program to Enhance Safety and Reliability

Product Number: MPWT19-15496
Author: Ahmad M. Al-Abdulqader
Publication Date: 2019
$0.00

South Ghawar Producing Department has exerted substantial efforts towards executing a seldom project of replacing numbers of extraordinary vessels. Those horizontal vessels were recommended for replacement due to major and excessive Step Wise Cracking, irregular blister and inclusions identified in several traps. These vessels are subject to Hydrogen Induced Cracking, known as HIC and this is mainly SGPD facilities were constructed on old time where SAES was not mandating to utilize HIC resistance material. In 2014, a company wide survey started and as a result 27 out of 121 were identified with HIC damage. To overcome these challenges, SGPD developed a robust action plan, which consists of two parts:
● Long Term Plan which is replacing the impacted vessels with upgraded material “HIC resistance material”
● Short Term Plan to continue the safe and reliable operation of impacted vessels until the vessels are replaced by managing and monitoring HIC growth.
With the short and long term action plan, SGPD controlled HIC concern in affected vessels. But we didn’t want to stop here and we wanted to go the extra mile and add a proactive measure rather than only reactive. Therefore, we partnered with R&DC to implement a proactive initiative at SGPD as the first department in Saudi Aramco called Step-Wise Hydrogen Induced Cracking Toolkit which falls under IR.4.0.
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