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This standard presents standard practices for effective control of external corrosion of underground storage tank (UST) systems by cathodic protection (CP). It is intended to be used by corrosion professionals as a guideline to establish minimum requirements for using CP to control external corrosion of metallic UST systems, including those used to contain oil, gas, and water.
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The purpose of this AMPP standard practice is to present procedures and practices for the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of deep anode systems used for the control of external corrosion of underground or submerged metallic structures by impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP). It is intended to be used in conjunction with NACE SP0169 and SP0177. This standard is intended to be used by corrosion engineers, corrosion consultants, representatives from manufacturers, and others concerned with corrosion control of underground structures.
REAFFIRMATION. This AMPP standard test method specifies procedures to evaluate cathodic disbondment resistance of the steel structure coating systems under cathodic protection, such as buried or submerged pipeline and tank linings. The standard covers all test specimen geometries and test temperatures. This standard also takes into consideration all test parameters with the goal of the standard to be used during the selection of protective coating systems for use under cathodic protection. This test method is intended for use by facility owners, coating applicators, and coating manufacturers.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. Determining the potential and current capacity characteristics under laboratory conditions for aluminum and zinc alloy anodes used for cathodic protection.
Note: This document was originally published with an error in Section 3, Figure 3, page 8. These identified errors are corrected. The Errata sheet is included.
This standard test method describes a quality assurance procedure for determining the potential and current capacity characteristics under laboratory conditions for aluminum and zinc alloy anodes used for cathodic protection (CP). Field performance of anodes should be evaluated to correspond to actual anode performance.
This standard is intended primarily for users, designers, and manufacturers involved with the application of CP in marine environments. This standard can be used by manufacturers and users of aluminum and zinc anodes for quality control verification. The most common usage is expected to be by manufacturers to meet quality control requirements requested by the purchasing user.
This test method provides descriptions of the measurement techniques and cautionary measures most commonly used on underground and submerged piping other than offshore piping to determine whether one or more selected criterion has been met at a representative test site(s) with consideration for special conditions. These methods are also applicable to many other underground or submerged metallic structures.
Traditional organic coatings which provide cathodic protection such as zinc-rich coatings exhibit several major drawbacks. To achieve electrical conductivity zinc-rich coatings rely on tangential contact between zinc dust particles. This results in over pigmentation of the binder exceeding the critical pigment volume concentration of the resin system. This results in an inferior coating with poor physical and mechanical properties.
Corrosion damage in the buried wellhead equipment and surface casing immediately below the landing base is a major concern in the onshore fields. Initial schedule inspections in the past of the buried wellhead equipment reveals corrosion damage to the landing base, casing spools and surface casings. The damage were occurring in spite of an apparently successful in place cathodic protection program that has reduced the number of casing damage due to external corrosion.
Horizontal directional drills (HDD) have become an essential pipeline construction tool for crossing spans of the right of way with obstructions such as wetlands, rivers and streams, railroads, roads, businesses, and high consequence areas (HCA). This trenchless technology allows a pipeline to be installed without open cutting the ground. Prior to any construction, geological surveys with core samples are performed to determine the optimum route for the HDD (Figure 1).
The -850 mV (CSE) criterion refers to the polarized pipeline potential that is free of any IR-drop. Different methods to obtain the polarized potential exist. Interruption of the CP current will cause the current, I, and thus the IR-drop to become zero and the remaining polarization immediately after the interruption is representative of the polarized potential of the pipeline.
Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) is the largest producer of water by its different water desalination plants distributed around the kingdom. In SWCC above storage tanks (ASTs) have the capacity to store 140,000 m3 of produced water. Most tanks are commissioned more than 20 years and have worked properly with minor observations on their performance. Mostly SWCC tanks are made of carbon steel and internally protected with a two - components epoxy coating as a passive method and cathodic protection as an active method.
The complex of jacket structures and flowlines subject to retrofitting consists of 5 jacket structures and 8 subsea flowlines. The arrangement of assets and dimensions used in this work is designed to mimic the challenges posed by real complex scenarios. The complex has three central structures bridge linked (J1, J2 and J3) and two distant structures (J4 and J5) connected to J1 through underwater flowlines.