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Facilitating the Use of Leak Detection Sensors Using Web-Based Remote Monitoring

Product Number: MECC23-20309-SG

Author: Jamey Hilleary

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Pipeline leak detection is emerging as a prime focus of Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) and other regulatory agencies in the United States as well as jurisdictions all over the world. The immense volume of buried pipelines and the fact that much of this buried infrastructure is over forty years old1 combine to present increasing risk of leaks with potentially catastrophic results. During the twenty-year timespan from 2002 through 2021, in the United States alone, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) recorded 42 hazardous liquids incidents resulting in 35 fatalities, 80 injuries, and over 147,000 barrels spilled (Figure 1).

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Facilitating the Use of Leak Detection Sensors Using Web-Based Remote Monitoring

Product Number: 51323-18884-SG

Author: Jamey Hilleary

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Pipeline leak detection is emerging as a prime focus of PHMSA and other regulatory agencies in the United States as well as jurisdictions all over the world. The immense volume of buried pipelines and the fact that much of this buried infrastructure is over forty years old1 combine to present increasing risk of leaks with potentially catastrophic results. During the twenty-year timespan from 2002 through 2021, in the United States alone, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) recorded 42 hazardous liquids incidents resulting in 35 fatalities, 80 injuries, and over 147,000 barrels spilled. In many cases the environmental and human health and safety costs could have been reduced if the leaks were detected much earlier.

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Factors In Galvanic Corrosion Between Steel And Iron Sulfides In Acidic Solutions

Product Number: 51322-17827-SG

Author: Payman Sharifi Abdar, Bruce Brown, Srdjan Nesic

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

H2S corrosion, also known as sour corrosion, is one of the most researched types of metal degradation in oil and gas transmission pipelines requiring a wide range of environmental conditions and detailed surface analysis techniques. This is because localized or pitting corrosion is known to be the main type of corrosion failure in sour environments which caused 12% of all oilfield corrosion incidents according to a report from 1996. Therefore, control and reduction of this type of corrosion could prevent such failures in oil and gas industries, and significantly enhance asset integrity while reducing maintenance costs as well as eliminating environmental damage.

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Failure Analyses On A Super Duplex Stainless Steel Tube Material Before And After Slow Strain Rate Testing In Sour Conditions – Part 2: A Case Study On Local Corrosion

Product Number: 51322-18320-SG

Author: Wenle He, Raveendra Siriki, Jerry Lindkvist

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The investigation on the specimens in the SCC susceptible conditions is included in Part 1, AMPP conference paper C2022-17998². In this Part 2, a case study is presented on the local corrosion on specimen surface or shoulder area although high ductility ratios in two testing conditions.

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Failure Analysis Of 4-Inch Welded Fittings In Treated LPG Service

Product Number: 51322-17850-SG

Author: Sudhakar Mahajanam

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Caustic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is known to occur in carbon steels under tensile stress and exposure to caustic solutions from 115°F to boiling temperatures. Alternating wet and dry conditions tend to increase SCC susceptibility. Localized overheating of the metal, such as solar radiation, heat tracing, steam outs and excursions should also be considered. Caustic SCC was first reported in 1980 when the top of a continuous kraft digester vessel blew off in Pine Hill, Alabama. It was found that the tensile residual stresses present in non-stress relieved carbon steel weld seams and the corrosive environment (caustic) were responsible for the cracking

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Failure Analysis of a 4-Inch 25Cr-35Ni Welded Fitting

Product Number: 51323-19079-SG

Author: Sudhakar Mahajanam, Chris Miller, Scott Harding

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Up until the 1940s, typical furnace tube materials consisted of wrought chromium steels and austenitic stainless steels. But the low carbon content led to increased creep.

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Failure Analysis Of A Vacuum Pump Component In A Geothermal Power Plant

Product Number: 51323-19044-SG

Author: Charles Thomas, Liam Rowlands, Keith Lichti, Nathan Gibson

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

This case study highlights the challenges facing designers of equipment required to operate in geothermal environments. It describes the failure of a non-condensable gas extraction pump at the Nga Awa Purua Power Station (NAP) which has a capacity of 140 MW. The station is located near Taupo in the North Island of New Zealand (Figure 1) and was commissioned in 2010.

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Failure Analysis of High Temperature Plate Heat Exchangers in Converter Section of Sulfuric Acid Regeneration [SAR] Unit

Product Number: 51323-19420-SG

Author: Sudharsanan Soundararajan

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

A Sulfuric Acid Alkylation [SAA] unit in a refinery converts olefins and butane to high octane alkylate using highly concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The function of this Sulfuric Acid Regeneration [SAR] unit is to regenerate spent sulfuric acid from alkylation process into clean sulfuric acid of 99.2% concentration, which is then recycled back into the SAA unit. The process of SAR can be classified in to following four steps:

• Formation of SO2 by the decomposition of Spent acid and combustion of H2S.
• Cooling and Purification of the SO2
• Conversion of SO2 to SO3
• Absorption of SO2 in H2SO4

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Failure Analysis Of Hydrotested 12-Inch Type 304 SS Pipe Sections

Product Number: 51322-17852-SG

Author: Sudhakar Mahajanam, Chris Miller, Cody Robinson, Scott Harding, Amilcar Oberto

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Pre-commissioning hydrostatic testing of pipelines and the resulting corrosion (MIC) issues are often linked to test water quality, as well as post-test cleaning operations. In a 1998 study, it was reported that localized corrosion (pitting/crevice corrosion) accounted for 20% of failures in the chemical process industry with an estimated one half of those being MIC failures. Identification of MIC failures is not straightforward. Common characteristic features such as pit clustering, “tunneling” of pits, tuberculation, high microbiological counts, presence of sulfides (in the case of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB)) and preferential weld attack have been used to anecdotally pinpoint field failures towards MIC.

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Failure Analysis On A Carbon Steel Pulsation Dampener In Glycol Service Using Statistical Fractography Highlights A Stress Corrosion Cracking Contribution

Product Number: 51322-17774-SG

Author: Bruce Cowe, Hervé Marchebois, Gustavo Gimenes, Laurent Ponson, Nicolas Auvray

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

A cold-worked carbon steel pulsation dampener located on a glycol circulation pump failed catastrophically in service. The two parts of the failed dampener were projected several tens of meters across the offshore facility. The failure was investigated initially using traditional metallurgical techniques, but this failed to reach a conclusive failure mechanism.

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Failure Analysis On A Super Duplex Stainless Steel Tube Material Before And After Slow Strain Rate Testing In Sour Conditions - Part 1: SCC Susceptibility

Product Number: 51322-17998-SG

Author: Wenle He, Raveendra Siriki, Jerry Lindkvist

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Standards NACE(1) MR0175 / ISO⁽²⁾ 15156-3¹ have temperature-H₂S-Cl-pH limits for safely using duplex stainless steels based on their Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) of subcategory such as duplex stainless steel (DSS, PREN 30-40, Mo>1.5%) and super duplex stainless steel (SDSS, PREN 4045), temperature-pH domain of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance can be used for material evaluation and provided by using slow strain rate testing (SSRT) screening in sour testing conditions².

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Failure Cases Of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Pump Components

Product Number: 51322-17689-SG

Author: Janardhan Rao Saithala, Amjad Kharusi, Mohammed Ghafri, Ossama Mohammed, Abdul Majeed, Manish Kulkarni, Talal Nabhani

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The application of corrosion resistance alloys such as 25% Cr super duplex stainless steel (25Cr SDSS) has expanded in the oil & gas industry recently as new technologies made it feasible for Oil and Gas operators to invest in high sour and corrosive fields. 25Cr SDSS material is often used in critical applications such as piping, rotating equipment, coolers, and instrument components etc. SDSS materials are well known for the 50/50 austenite (γ) and ferrite (α) microstructure which provides the combination of corrosion resistance and high-performance mechanical properties.

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Association for Materials Protection and Performance