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Picture for Development of a Master Curve to Characterize the Susceptibility of Fastener Materials to Hydrogen Embrittlement
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Development of a Master Curve to Characterize the Susceptibility of Fastener Materials to Hydrogen Embrittlement

Product Number: 51324-20813-SG
Author: Ted L Anderson; Behrang Fahmi; Herman E. Amaya
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
This paper introduces an innovative approach for mitigating hydrogen embrittlement in materials used in underwater environments, a critical challenge in marine engineering. Our study focuses on developing a comprehensive 'master curve' that encapsulates the complex interplay among key factors: hydrogen concentration, applied potential, and material strength. This curve serves as a predictive tool for evaluating the susceptibility of materials to hydrogen embrittlement, a phenomenon that lacks a one-size-fits-all solution. Through fracture mechanics testing of carbon steel alloys and rigorous analysis, quantitative relationships between these factors are established. This research not only aids in optimizing material selection and designing effective cathodic protection systems but also ensures enhanced safety and integrity in operational contexts. The master curve, rooted in both empirical data and theoretical insights, offers a strategic framework for engineers and industry professionals, guiding decisions that enhance the durability and reliability of subsea equipment.
Picture for Development of a new high interstitial non-magnetic stainless steel for oil and gas applications
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Development of a new high interstitial non-magnetic stainless steel for oil and gas applications

Product Number: 51320-14552-SG
Author: Clara Herrera, Philipp Niederhofer, Merlin Seifert
Publication Date: 2020
$20.00

High nitrogen FeCrMn -austenitic stainless steels are used in oil and gas applications such as non-magnetic drill collars, Measuring While Drilling (MWD), and Logging While Drilling (LWD) housings. These steels are characterized by a good combination of high strength and high corrosion resistance in aggressive environments. This paper presents some results of a newly developed non-magnetic high interstitial (FeCrMnMo(C+N)) austenitic stainless steel which shows high strength, toughness, and enhanced corrosion properties. Characterization of microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties was performed. After solution annealing at 1125 °C, the new 18Cr-18Mn-2Mo-1(C+N) is fully austenitic without precipitates or δ-ferrite. The newly developed stainless steel is characterized by an elongation higher than 60 %, a yield and ultimate strength of 600 MPa and 980 MPa, respectively, combined with high impact energy (≥ 350 J). Pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) is > 35. The high-interstitial (HI) steel shows no intergranular corrosion without sensitization treatment (ASTM A262) and no weight loss in ferric chloride solution testing at room temperature for 72 hours (ASTM G48 Method A). The critical pitting temperature tested in acidified ferric chloride is 35 °C (ASTM G48 Method E). The new high interstitial FeCrMn austenitic stainless steel is a very promising grade for applications in the oil and gas industry due to the high mechanical strength above 1000 MPa combined with good corrosion properties. 
Picture for Development Of A New Top-Of-Line Corrosion Model For Sweet Wet Gas Pipelines
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Development Of A New Top-Of-Line Corrosion Model For Sweet Wet Gas Pipelines

Product Number: 51321-16812-SG
Author: Y. Zheng; J. Sonke; W. M. Bos
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Development Of A Tool To Track The Fraction Of Injected Water In Produced Water Streams
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Development Of A Tool To Track The Fraction Of Injected Water In Produced Water Streams

Product Number: 51323-19130-SG
Author: Thibaut V. J. Charpentier, Rose Lehman, Andre Leontieff
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Waterflooding is a common secondary recovery technique where injection water (IW) is used to maintain reservoir pressure and improve oil recovery. During such operations, the mobile hydrocarbon phase is displaced along with formation water (FW) toward producing wells. The resulting produced water stream is a blend of FW and IW; these waters can be incompatible resulting in dissolved ions to precipitate out of solution as mineral scale.
Picture for Development of a Versatile Continuous Application Based Corrosion Inhibitor to Mitigate Top-of-the-Line Corrosion under Both Sweet and Sour Operating Conditions
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Development of a Versatile Continuous Application Based Corrosion Inhibitor to Mitigate Top-of-the-Line Corrosion under Both Sweet and Sour Operating Conditions

Product Number: MECC23-19972-SG
Author: Jeremy Moloney
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Top-of-the-line corrosion (TLC) of carbon steel (CS) pipelines can be encountered during the transportation of wet gas under stratified flow conditions where temperature differences between the internal and external environments results in condensation of saturated vapors and water-wetted surface on the upper portion of the inside pipeline surface causing corrosion issues.1 Initially at least, the condensed water phase can be particularly corrosive with a low pH caused by dissolved acid gases (such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide) as well as organic acids in an unbuffered thin water film. Like bottom-of-the-line corrosion, TLC can be dominated by either carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide corrosion mechanisms.
Picture for Development of a Water Ballast Tank Coating Monitoring System
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Development of a Water Ballast Tank Coating Monitoring System

Product Number: 51323-19320-SG
Author: Anders W. B. Skilbred, Kevin Farinholt, Erik Risberg, Fritz Friedersdorf
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Inspection of ballast tanks and enclosures is generally performed using traditional methods such as
visual inspection and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. However, it is common for these
methods to often be labor intensive and limited by physical restrictions that prohibit access to certain
areas. Further, the evaluation of the coating condition is heavily dependent on the inspector, and the
quality of the data gathered is varying.
Picture for Development Of An Efficient MIC Mitigation And Control Strategy In Pipelline Pigging Operations
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Development Of An Efficient MIC Mitigation And Control Strategy In Pipelline Pigging Operations

Product Number: 51322-17632-SG
Author: David Armstrong, Hejian Sun, Yuxiu Liu, Patrick Powell
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

An operating company was concerned that its biocide and corrosion mitigation strategy was not sufficient to control corrosion in their pigging operations across the Gulf Coast of Texas. They provided water samples from several pigging access points that were heavily contaminated with SRBs, APBs, black deposits and oil. H2S was present in most of the samples suggesting a heavy presence of SRBs. They suspected that the black deposits were most likely FeS caused by the presence of microorganisms interacting with their pipelines. Indeed, culture vial tests (sometimes referred to as “bug bottles”) proved that the samples were heavily contaminated with microorganisms.
Picture for Development of an F22 Metal Compatible Scale Inhibitor for Subsea Application
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Development of an F22 Metal Compatible Scale Inhibitor for Subsea Application

Product Number: 51323-19069-SG
Author: Chunfang Fan, Wei Zhang, Tiffany Nguyen, Jason Moses, Alexander Nelson, David Orta
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Mineral scale deposition is one of the major flow assurance issues for the oil and gas industry. When an oil or gas well produces water, there is the possibility that scale could form either by the mixing of incompatible waters forming oversaturated brine or by direct precipitation of the water that occurs naturally in reservoirs due to the changes in pressure, temperature, or pH. Scale inhibitors are commonly used to prevent mineral scale formation during oil and gas production and mitigate this flow assurance issue.
Picture for Development of Anti-Fouling Compound Extracted from Marine Resources in Preventing Marine Growth for Static Applications at Warm and Cold Water Environments
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Development of Anti-Fouling Compound Extracted from Marine Resources in Preventing Marine Growth for Static Applications at Warm and Cold Water Environments

Product Number: 51324-20577-SG
Author: Nik Nor Azrizam Nik Norizam; Hasrizal A Rahman; Azmi Mohammed Nor
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
Marine growth had become a challenging issue to offshore industry, particularly at water injection system and immersed structures. Its presence will affect the performance of the facilities by reducing the efficiency of heat exchangers and causing excessive increase in weight to offshore structures and equipment. The effect could consequently lead to production deferment. Existing methods to control marine growth such as using chemical treatment (biocide and tributyltin) and mechanical treatment (mechanical wiper/shutter) do not seem to have been effective or environmental-friendly while at the same time, consuming high-power costs. In this research study, the focus is to assess extracted anti-fouling compound from identified potential marine resources in preventing marine growth at static structure application. The research methodology will consist of extraction of the compounds, anti-bacterial activity screening and anti-fouling analysis as part of preliminary screening to test efficiency in preventing the growth of barnacles specifically. The selected compounds from screening incorporate into a suitable anti-fouling paint. The efficiency of selected compound is further evaluated by continuing with field exposure at identify site location located at south china sea. During the field exposure, small coupons are coated according to PETRONAS technical standard requirement and exposed for duration of a month. The results from a month field exposure show developed anti-fouling compound managed to prevent growth of barnacle. The success formulation from a month exposure is further evaluated at two type water environments which are warm and cold for duration of six months. Outcome from the exposure shows positive result. In conclusion, the developed anti-fouling compounds have potential to prevent marine growth, specifically barnacle growth.
Picture for Development of Corrosion Inhibitor for High Temperature Sweet Gas Wells
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Development of Corrosion Inhibitor for High Temperature Sweet Gas Wells

Product Number: 51324-20757-SG
Author: Ime Bassey Obot; Tao Chen; Ahmad A. Sorour; Qiwei Wang
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
The corrosion of carbon steel downhole completion tubing at high temperature is one of the serious corrosion issues facing the oil and gas industry. Few corrosion inhibitor chemistries can protect downhole production tubing against corrosion, especially at high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) in high total dissolved solids (TDS) brine. The objective of this study was to develop a HTHP corrosion inhibitor abbreviated (NAM 9) for the protection of carbon steel at a temperature of up to 120 oC for possible application in sweet gas wells. The new corrosion inhibitor formulation (NAM 9) was evaluated using the linear polarization resistance (LPR) technique, batch corrosion testing (drop and drip) and autoclave corrosion test. The LPR result shows that 10 ppm of NAM 9 drastically reduces the corrosion rate of C1018 steel from 214.4 mpy (5.44 mm/y) to 3.28 mpy (0.08 mm/y) giving an inhibition efficiency of 98.47 % at 70 oC. The corrosion rate of the blank using autoclave corrosion testing at 120 oC was 250.6 mpy (6.36 mm/y) and 30.3 mpy (0.77 mm/y) in the presence of 500 ppm of NAM 9, respectively. The results indicate that NAM 9 is a promising high-temperature corrosion inhibitor for downhole production tubing used in gas wells.
Picture for Development of Corrosion Inhibitor with Low Toxicity for High Temperature/High Shear Applications
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Development of Corrosion Inhibitor with Low Toxicity for High Temperature/High Shear Applications

Product Number: MECC23-20153-SG
Author: Geeta Rana; Jillian Schmeichel; Harold Wilson; Jeremy Moloney; Shelley Zhou
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Terms such as (green, low toxicity, biodegradability, log Pow or environmentally friendly) are often used interchangeably for product classification, however, their definitions can be very vague.1 Regulatory agencies in various parts of the world employ different methods to classify chemical products and assess potential impacts from their discharge into marine environment. Some practice the hazard-based approach while others use the risk-based approach (Figure 1).
Picture for Development of Corrosion Severity Assessment Algorithms Using Environmental Monitoring Sensors in Naval Aviation Environments
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Development of Corrosion Severity Assessment Algorithms Using Environmental Monitoring Sensors in Naval Aviation Environments

Product Number: 51324-20663-SG
Author: Alexander Lilly; Steven Kopitzke; Ian Long
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
Currently, Naval aircraft are inspected for corrosion based on Reliability Centered Maintenance analysis of component failure rates in a feedback loop scheme. Recently developed sensors allow for the measurement and recording of temperature, relative humidity, and solution conductivity in 30 minute intervals. These sensors were deployed collocated with corrosion witness coupons across two 1-year deployments spanning 26 naval aviation relevant locations. Features were engineered from the sensor data, and algorithms were trained to predict the mass loss observed on the collocated witness coupons. Using leave-one-out-cross-validation, the highest performing algorithms possessed an accuracy of 77% in the classification of site corrosion severity based on Aermet 100 mass loss, a landing gear high strength steel.
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