AMPP Store - NACE Conference Papers

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A Practical Approach to the Rehabilitation of a Wastewater Treatment Facility: Utilizing Case Histories to Demonstrate “Real-Life” Applications

Product Number: 41212-664-SG

Author: Gary R. Hall, Lake H. Barrett Jr., Pete J. Jansen

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

Wastewater collection and treatment systems face a more serious corrosion problem today than in the past. There are several reasons for this, including odor control, reduced I&I, chemical composition of sewage, an increase in the retention time, and concrete that is not of the same quality as it was only 30 years ago.

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A Prediction and Inspection Technology for Detecting the Corrosion Under Insulation

Product Number: MPWT19-15162

Author: Ayman Amer, Ali Al Shehri, Vincent Cunningham, Ihsan Taie

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a critical challenge that affects the integrity of assets for which the oil and gas industry is not immune. Over the last few decades, both downstream and upstream industry segments have recognized the magnitude of CUI and challenges faced by the industry in its ability to handle CUI risk-based assessment, predictive detection and inspection of CUI. It is a concern that is hidden, invisible to inspectors and prompted mainly by moisture ingress between the insulation and the metallic pipe surface. The industry faces significant issues in the inspection of insulated assets, not only of pipes, but also tanks and vessels in terms of detection accuracy and precision. Currently, there is no reliable NDT detection tool that can predict the CUI spots in a safe and fast manner. In this study, a cyber physical-based approach is being presented to identify susceptible locations of CUI through a collection of infrared data overtime. The experimental results and data analysis demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing machine-learning techniques coupled with thermography to predict areas of concern. This is through a simplified clustering and classification model utilizing the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). This is a unique and innovative inspection technique in tackling complex challenges within the oil and gas industry, utilizing trending technologies such as big data analytics and artificial intelligence.

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A Promising Coating of Nanostructured Graphene-Ceria Nanofillers in Polyurethane for Corrosion Protection

Product Number: 51317--9217-SG

ISBN: 9217 2017 CP

Author: Mohammad Mizanur Rahman

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

In this study a simple method has been applied to fabricate graphene nanocomposite with the inclusion of cerium oxide nanoparticles which can be effectively implemented as a reinforcement material in polyurethane coatings for corrosion protection.

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A Proposed Mechanistic Approach to Investigate the Susceptibility of Super Martensitic Stainless Steel

Product Number: 51319-12786-SG

Author: Raymundo Case

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Super martensitic stainless steels are widely in use in oil & gas production environments providing a cost-effective alternative to more expensive corrosion resistant alloys (CRA) for mitigation of general corrosion due to the presence of CO2 in the produced fluids. However there is little agreement on the service limits when exposed in environments that contain H2S particularly in relation to the susceptibility to sulfide stress cracking (SSC).This paper presents a review on the published literature in relation to the susceptibility to SSC of super martensitic stainless steels in production environments with the aim to evaluate the service limits of these materials from both the empirical and mechanistic approaches. The conclusion of this review is that an adequate assessment of the susceptibility to SSC for the super martensitic stainless steels can only be accomplished by using testing methods that account for: a) the role of the passive layer and b) the formation of metastable pits and their propagation in H2S-containing environments.This paper recommends the adoption of study methodology based on the characterization of the passive layer resistance in super martensitic stainless steels using point defect modeling techniques to identify the role of critical variables on the pit induction time distribution which can be used to describe the susceptibility to SSC. These critical variables include both material

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A Review Of Fit-For-Purpose Sour Tests Of Low Alloy Steels: Effects Of Buffer Chemistry And Purge Gas Composition

Product Number: 51321-16578-SG

Author: Brian Chambers / Manuel Gonzalez

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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A Review Of Hydrogen Stress Cracking Of Nickel-Based Alloys For Oil And Gas Applications

Product Number: 51321-16705-SG

Author: Thierry Cassagne; Hervé Marchebois; Thiago Mesquita

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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A Review of Naphthenic Acid Corrosion and Sulfidic Corrosion in Crude Oil Refining Applications

Product Number: 51319-13443-SG

Author: Yuhchae Yoon

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Corrosion problems related to crude refining became a dominant concern as crude oil refining expanded to serve global energy demands with economic costs and benefits in the petroleum industry and more so with the availability of ‘opportunity crudes’. Reducing oil production costs have continuously forced refineries to look for so-called “opportunity” or “alternate” crudes which are usually lower quality higher corrosivity crude oils with higher levels of naphthenic acids and sulfur compounds. Processing of these high acid high sulfur crudes has engendered significant corrosion concerns in hot oil distillation units and associated piping systems.Mitigating ‘opportunity crude’ corrosivity involves several strategies including improvement of the refining process of blending crudes injection of inhibitors de-acidification utilization of better materials with higher corrosion resistance control of flow velocity and associated wall shear stress produced by the flow media and finally optimization of in-service inspection and monitoring in oil refineries. This paper will review based on the experience of the authors in developing extensive naphthenic acid corrosivity data from a comprehensive Joint Industry Program (JIP) the influence of crude oil chemistry on naphthenic acid corrosion contributions of reactive sulfur chemistry to protectiveness and FeS scale formation and the ability to resist naphthenic acid corrosion utilizing beneficial sulfur speciation as well as acid molecular weight molecular structure molecular boiling point as well as operational parameters of temperature shear stress and alloy metallurgy.Key words: Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Sulfidic Corrosion Corrosion Prediction Opportunity crude processing

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A Review of the Development of 13-17% Cr Stainless Steel Filler Metals and Filler Metal Selection for Restoring 13% Cr Stainless Steel Cladding

Product Number: 51319-12754-SG

Author: Mikihiro Sakata

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Materials clad with 13% Cr stainless steel have been widely used in refining where high temperature sulfidation is a concern. When such materials are applied in columns vessels and heat exchangers restoration of the cladding using welded overlay on carbon or low alloy steel base metals is required during original fabrication or for welding repairs made during service. The first part of this paper describes a comprehensive review of the development in Japan since the 1970's of the use of 13% Cr stainless steel filler metal for restoring cladding. That review focuses mainly on the optimization of chemical compositions of the filler metal to avoid martensite formation and consequent cold cracking in the welds. Several cases are presented where 13% Cr stainless steel filler metal was applied to hydroprocessing reactors fractionators and coke drums made of 13% Cr stainless steel clad carbon or low alloy steels. The last half of this paper introduces three possible choices for the filler metal: Ni-based alloy Type 309 stainless steel and 13% Cr stainless steel. The pros and cons of each are discussed from the viewpoints of fabrication and corrosion resistance considering the service environment.

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A Review of Various Guidelines for Predicting Solid Particle Erosion with Computational Fluid Dynamics Codes

Product Number: 51320-15105-SG

Author: G.G. Chochua, M. Parsi, Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, T.A. Sedrez, S. Karimi, F. Darihaki, J. Edwards, H. Arabnejad, M. Agrawal, A. Asgharpour, R.E. Vieira, P. Zahedi, E. Gharaibah, S.A. Shirazi

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Solid particle erosion is one of the key issues affecting operational reliability and the cost of tools and equipment in the oil and gas industry. In a particular erosive environment, the extent to which erosion occurs depends on many factors, such as flow conditions, fluid properties, wall material, and particle properties. As a result, it is difficult to investigate the effects of all of these factors using experimental methods. One comprehensive alternative, however, is to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which can provide the analyst with a great deal of information about the phenomenon, such as where erosion occurs as well as its severity. Of course, when using any CFD-based erosion prediction method, care must be taken when selecting appropriate meshing practices, solution parameters, and sub-models.
Best practices and guidelines for solid particle erosion modeling using CFD are described. In addition to discussing many parameters that should be considered when using CFD to predict solid particle erosion, the effects of many of these parameters and sub-models within the CFD codes are also discussed with several examples comparing CFD results to available experimental data. This paper can serve as a first step toward developing a comprehensive guideline for the industrial modeling of erosion phenomena and to help engineers improve the accuracy of erosion wear predictions.

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A Review on Residual Stresses in the Fabrication Domain: Evolution Mechanisms, Quantification Techniques and Treatment Methods

Product Number: MPWT19-14359

Author: Rashed Alhajri, Fahad Alhindas, Yasser Alsubhi, Hatim Alhamdan

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Residual stresses are self-equilibrating stresses that exist in materials and structures at the absence of instantaneous application of external loadings. In industrial manufacturing and fabrication processes, such stresses can be prominent and may lead to premature failures if uncontrolled. Such failures can be manifested in many forms including stress corrosion cracking, fatigue cracking or brittle facture. This paper is devoted to providing a comprehensive review on residual stress in the manufacturing and fabrication domain with a greater emphasis on welding based residual stresses. Three residual stress evolution mechanisms will be evaluated covering deformation driven stresses during manufacturing, thermally driven during welding and surface modifications such as grinding, carburizing and plating. In welding processes, the residual stresses in the cooling cycle are characterized using Gleeble testing illustrating the stress profiles as a function of temperature. The effect of residual stresses in welded structures will be discussed covering fatigue performance, brittle fracture and effect on Stress Corrosion Cracking resistance. To ensure residual stresses are effectively measured and quantified, a total of nine (9) destructive, semi-destructive and non-destructive residual stress measurement techniques are evaluated. A comparison and evaluation of four (4) common residual stress mitigation techniques are also discussed covering Ultrasonic Impact Treatment, High Frequency Mechanical Impact, shot peening and Post-weld Heat Treatment. The review discussion extends to four (4) factors towards impacting the residual stress magnitude and distribution covering material properties, welding process and clamping and preheating during welding.

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A Science-Based Crack Growth Model for Buried Pipelines Undergoing High pH SCC (II) - Application

Product Number: 51314-3617-SG

ISBN: 3617 2014 CP

Author: Baotong Lu

Publication Date: 2014

$0.00

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A Statistical Analysis of the Gamma Exponent Model; a New Methodology for Corrosion Assessment of Localized Metal Loss Flaws and Stress Corrosion Cracking in Oil and Gas Pipelines

Product Number: 51321-16368-SG

Author: Colin Scott, PhD

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

NACE Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance