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This paper traces the development of the superaustenitic grade 254 SMO (UNS S31254) as a solution to recurrent corrosion problems within the pulp and paper industry.
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Nickel alloys UNS N06625, UNS N06059, UNS N06022, UNS N08825 and one Special Stainless Steel (UNS N08031) are overlay welded in 1 to 3 layers on carbon steel. The dilution is measured and results of pitting corrosion in an immersion test with “Green Death” solution will be discussed.
Nitriding and carbonitriding improve the wear resistance of stainless steels. A summary of historical public literature including physical and mechanical property data and corrosion resistance is presented. Corrosion enhancement with nitriding some stainless steels below the nitride formation temperature is presented.
An advanced grade of super-austenitic stainless steel with a reduced content of nickel offers a significant economic advantage over nickel-base CRA’s. As the alloy is readily fabricated by conventional techniques, it is an excellent candidate for a variety of applications in the chemical, petrochemical, mining, oil and gas, and refining industries.
A new, lean duplex stainless steel with low nickel content was tested, in both as-welded and mill-annealed conditions, to determine its resistance to corrosion in many environments.
This Phase II work in NH3-dominated sour waters studied the impact of several process variables including NH4HS concentration, NH3 partial pressure, H2S partial pressure, temperature, cyanide concentration, and velocity (wall shear stress).
Superduplex stainless steels have been used in seawater systems since 1986 as castings and since 1990 as wrought product. The present paper describes some of the service environments commonly in use and the conditions that give rise to specific operating potentials. The limits of use under these conditions are described utilizing both laboratory and service experience.
Fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) has properties that, if disregarded, can lead to failure during operation. The same properties, if taken advantage of, can provide the user with performance superior to traditional alloy materials. This paper discusses principles in designing process and facilities piping systems with FRP.
Tube coils in a radiant section of an ethylene cracking furnace are subject to corrosion. Repair welding of these tube coils is difficult. A degraded tube section is replaced by welding in a virgin tube section. The current paper presents the test results of a weld joint between a service-exposed tube and virgin tube using automatic orbital and manual gas-tungsten-arc welding (GTAW) processes.
Sulfuric and hydrochloric acids are among the most common chemicals produced.in the process industry. Nickel alloys have been a traditional material of choice. This paper will review the alloys available for this service as well as identify the temperature limits and other conditions that should be considered when selecting an alloy.
This paper presents a failure of a material that was overloaded during testing although the raw material was approved based on certified mechanical properties. The failure was due to unsuitable microstructures.
An unexpected explosion occurred in the vent line connecting at the top of a titanium reactor that was used to make a fire-retardant fabric. In this presentation the cause for this accident will be discussed based on the findings in examining samples from the vent line and the results of high-temperature tests.