AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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From 6Mo To Ni-Base – Characterizing The Corrosion Performance Of Two Important Material Groups

Product Number: 51322-17935-SG

Author: Björn Helmersson

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Stainless steels and Ni-base alloys are often considered as construction materials in applications where highly corrosive conditions are expected. High levels of halides, low pH and high temperatures are factors that often contribute to the selection of such materials.

Ten different alloys have been included in this work, representing a range of highly alloyed stainless steels and Ni-base alloys. The purpose has been to evaluate the corrosion resistance of stainless steels with alloying content in the 6Mo range or higher, and competing Ni-base materials. The austenitic grade N08904 and two super-duplex grades have also been included for reference.

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From galvanic anodes to ICCP system for offshore jackets revamping

Product Number: 51323-19177-SG

Author: Eric Agel, Mamady Obame-Diakite, Thiago Mesquita, Christian Yogoulou-Joly

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Sacrificial or Galvanic Anodes Cathodic Protection System is an excellent anticorrosion solution which offers to immerse structures a long-term protection. In TotalEnergies and in the Oil & Gas Industry in general, such system provides confidence, efficiency together with little maintenance over years which is a very good point for the subsea integrity of jackets (or pipelines) when knowing all other operational constraints or corrosion issues that can be met at the surface level.

Thus, from TotalEnergies experience, it has been established that as long as:1/ the CP system is correctly designed (taking into account the applied - or not - painting on the jacket) following the recognized international codes and standards (DNV RP-B-401, ISO 15589-2.

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From JIP to Digital Business - CUI Risk Manager

Product Number: 51319-12965-SG

Author: Amela Keserovic

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) is a major challenge for different process industries. Today it is managed in many ways ranging from a full removal of insulation to a minimal maintenance including some inspection methods with insufficient non-destructive testing. These extremes exhibit a lack of understanding and a lack of systematic approach in managing the CUI risk globally.A joint industry project on CUI has developed a methodology that would help identify assess and mitigate the CUI risk in a systematic manner. Living in the age of digital transformation the resulting recommended practice is being digitalized into a web application that will offer its users an industry-recognized best practice in managing the CUI risk of their assets. The end-users will have the possibility to share their knowledge and learn from other users’ experiences through an established Globally Shared Database (GSD). Such synergy across the industries will enable a continuous methodology improvement and future development of the machine learning within the Application. Furthermore a separately developed feature will use digital twins of the users’ assets linked with assets’ integrity data and other relevant data providing more efficient communication and work processes. The ultimate goal of the Application is to ensure safe and reliable operations and thus improve the safety of life property and environment.Keywords: corrosion under insulation risk joint industry project web application globally shared database digital twin machine learning

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From Pits To Cracks: A Review Of 45-Years Of Published Research On Surface Trenches In Low Alloy Steels Exposed To H2S-Containing Environments

Product Number: 51322-17957-SG

Author: Dannisa R. Chalfoun, Teresa E. Perez, Mariano Iannuzzi, Mariano A. Kappes

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Carbon and low alloy steels (CS and LAS, respectively) used for exploration and production in the oil and gas (O&G) industry are normally exposed to environments that may contain H₂S in a wide range of concentrations. In aqueous solutions, H₂S acts as a cathodic poison.^1,2 A cathodic poison inhibits the recombination of atomic hydrogen to H₂, and as a result, favors its absorption by the metal.^1,2 In the presence of a susceptible microstructure and the simultaneous effect of applied or residual tensile stress, a crack can nucleate and propagate, when a critical concentration of hydrogen is reached in the metal.³ This environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) phenomenon is known as Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC).² SSC is commonly addressed as a case of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) damage.²

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From Standard to Certification: Evolution of the Coating Application Specialist Program

Product Number: 41211-590-SG

Author: Daniel Penski, John Burcaw

Publication Date: 2011

$20.00

Recognizing the need to elevate craft workers’ skills within the industrial coatings industry, the International Union of Painters and Allied Trades (IUPAT) became involved in the development of the published SSPC ACS 1/NACE No.13 Joint Standard and the Body of Knowledge contained within. Since the development of the joint standard, the IUPAT has taken advantage of the opportunities afforded by the standard and remained committed to ensuring that its members are properly trained and certified as prescribed by the industry standard.

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Full Ring Test in Sour Environment - Importance of Testing Set-Up and Strain Monitoring

Product Number: 51324-20997-SG

Author: Aaron Aguilar; Fabio Arroyo; Phil Dent; Sebastian Cravero; João Costa

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Full ring ovalization test is performed in line pipe to assess the susceptibility to sulfide stress cracking when the material is subjected to load and sour service conditions. A full ring test was performed under BS 8701 standard1 for a 36 inches welded line pipe, X65 material. The region of interest was monitored with strain gauges to control loading at the required stress level. After test completion, the NDT and visual inspection reported indications in some areas out of the region of interest. A detailed analysis was performed to find out the sources of indications. The study included material analysis and revision of sample preparation and test setup variables. For test preparation and setup analysis, 2D and 3D finite element work was performed to understand the effect of those variables on the cracking occurrence. The finite element analysis (FEA) results showed that geometry variations, loading control and testing setup have a considerable influence on the applied stresses. It was found that some zones out of the region of interest can be over stressed due to slight modifications in loading conditions. As a part of the analysis, a new test was performed with the corresponding adjustments observed in the numerical model, and strain gauges were located at the points where the FEA showed higher stress zones. The strain gauge readings confirmed the stress fields observed with FEA. Additionally, the second tested sample successfully passed the test.

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Full-Scale Testing Validation and Quantification of Optimized Engineered Composite Repair Systems for Pipeline Repair

Product Number: 51319-13439-SG

Author: Matt Green

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

For almost three decades composite repair technology has provided valuable alternatives to operating companies in maintaining the integrity of their high-pressure gas and liquid pipeline systems. Early adopters of the technology helped to push the usage of these beneficial materials to where they are today. As with all technology increased usage drives increased scope of usage and there have been extensive and comprehensive full-scale testing programs dedicated to pushing the boundaries and opening new defect repair options. These have been funded jointly by industry and manufacturers and have yielded successful results further showcasing the full range of benefits that composite materials can provide. Benefitting from this history and background allows for a better repair option based on experience and lessons learned. Development of new technologies methods and materials has been ongoing and results show improvements may be made by using lessons learned in conjunction with technologies now available.The contents of this paper focus and provide details on the development of specialized composite technologies for reinforcing anomalies such as corrosion and dents subjected to aggressive operating conditions. Additionally small-scale coupon-level testing results are used to characterize the effects of constitutive component changes in order to take the next steps prior to full-scaling including burst and cyclic pressure testing. Information is included on the initial design process used by engineers to optimize reinforcements using constitutive properties and insights from previous testing and research programs to guide the advancements in the understanding of the materials. Detailed test results and industry comparisons are included with information on how both coupon-level and full-scale test results can be used to assist operators in repairing and maintaining their pipeline systems using optimized composite reinforcing technologies.

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Fundamental Approaches to Corrosion Resistant Alloy Development

Product Number: 51323-19410-SG

Author: Christopher D Taylor

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) has provided materials developers with new virtual tools for exploring the space of novel materials. ICME is typically rooted in computation of phase diagrams (CalPhaD) using thermodynamic databases as well as thermodynamic data that can be generated from first-principles. CalPhaD provides the opportunity to determine stable materials compositions that may have targeted properties, which can be predicted using other computational search techniques, depending on the criteria of interest.

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Fundamental Mechanisms of Mild Steel Corrosion in H2S Containing Environments

Product Number: 51319-12875-SG

Author: Aria Kahyarian

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The current understanding of the corrosion mechanisms in H2S containing environments considers the direct electrochemical reduction of H2S as the main contribution of this species to the corrosion process. Such an argument has been developed based on the distinctive behavior of cathodic polarization curves in H2S containing solutions as compared to the behavior observed in the solutions of strong acids or those in presence of other weak acids such as carboxylic acids and carbonic acid. The direct reduction of H2S is generally associated with the observation of a “double wave” in a cathodic polarization curve. In the present study the mechanism of cathodic currents in H2S containing acidic solutions was studied theoretically through a comprehensive mathematical model. The model includes a mechanistic description of main processes including mass transfer chemical reactions and electrochemical reactions. A quantitative analysis based on this model showed that all the characteristic behaviors previously associated with the direct reduction of H2S including the “double wave” behavior can be explained based on the homogeneous chemical dissociation of H2S as a weak acid and hydrogen ion reduction as the sole cathodic reaction. This analysis suggests that H2S is not a significant electroactive species and its main contribution to the corrosion process is through its buffering ability as a weak acid similar to other weak acids such as carboxylic acids and carbonic acid. In order to validate these mechanistic observations the results from this model were compared to existing experimental data from the open literature. The model was found to be able to capture the main characteristic experimental behaviors with reasonable accuracy further supporting this mechanistic argument.

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Fundamentals of Making Good Decisions in Coatings Selection: Interpreting the Hidden Aspects of Accelerated Test Results

Product Number: 41212-722-SG

Author: Allen Zielnik

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

When selecting among decorative or functional/protective architectural coatings many factors need to be considered; one key aspect is how long the product will last (weather). A “ten year” warranty is neither a guarantee of total replacement cost nor that all “ten year” products are created equal.

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Fundamentals on Welding of Duplex/Super Duplex Stainless Steels

Product Number: MECC23-19947-SG

Author: Achilles G. Koutlis; Maslat S. Al-Waranbi; Tariq A. Al-Ghamdi

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

This paper aims at providing general guidelines for welding duplex stainless steels. Whilst industry practices and literature were reviewed, the document is mainly based on the personal experience of the authors with duplex welding in Saudi Aramco and other projects they had participated during their welding engineering career. If the intent of those explained in this paper is understood and soundly applied, it could be of help to construction Contractors and Fabricators / Manufacturers with ensuring sound quality of weldments and high reliability of the assets they build for their Clients.

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Further Advances In Paperless QA For Coatings Inspection

Product Number: 41211-604-SG

Author: JF Fletcher

Publication Date: 2011

$20.00

It is often said that inspection processes save money but that inspection reports cost money. The automation of inspection processes is an important cost saving that also leads to more time being allocated to the important task of inspection. There have been recent developments in both software and gauge design, which together make paperless quality assurance a reality for all protective and industrial coating applications.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance