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Effect of H?S on the Corrosion Behavior of Pipeline Steels Under Supercritical CO? Environment

Product Number: 51315-5927-SG

ISBN: 5927 2015 CP

Author: Yoon-Seok Choi

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

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Effect of H2S Concentration on the Passivation Behavior of Modified 13 Cr Martensitic Stainless Steels

Product Number: 51324-21009-SG

Author: Alan Martinez; Deeparekha Narayanan; Raymundo Case; Homero Castaneda; Ahmed Baghat

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Modified 13 Cr Martensitic Stainless steels (UNS S41426) are used extensively in the oil and gas industry as wellbore components in sweet and moderately sour service applications. The synergistic effects between H2S activity and temperature have a detrimental effect on the passive film stability. Electrochemical tests were performed using a 1L autoclave holding 35 bar of CO2 gas and varying H2S activity at 25°C and 150°C at a pH of 3.5. The pitting susceptibility is enhanced in regions along Ti(C,N) inclusions and regions where defective sulfide films generate local galvanic cells around regions with limited protection along the steel surface further driving the pitting process. Both DC and AC electrochemical techniques were correlated with microstructural characterization to observe the extent of passivation on the surface. Some service limits under acidic conditions are proposed based on the electrochemical results.

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Effect of H2S Fugacity on Hydrogen Uptake in Carbon Steels for Upstream Applications

Product Number: 51324-20951-SG

Author: Gaurav R. Joshi; Christophe Mendibide; Jean Kittel

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The presence of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in upstream or refining fluids is known to encourage hydrogen-induced mechanical failures of carbon or low alloy steel. Historically, the solution pH and the gaseous partial pressure of H2S (PH2S, bar) are used to evaluate an aqueous environment’s severity during materials corrosion cracking qualification. However, in recent years, it is suggested that the H2S fugacity (fH2S, an effective H2S partial pressure in bar) and actual dissolved H2S concentration ([H2S]aq) be used, rather than the PH2S, to better account for the effect of total pressure on steel corrosion cracking performance. In this paper, results obtained in a Joint Industry Programme (JIP) focused on evaluating the effect of fH2S on the hydrogen permeation across upstream steels using hydrogen pressure probe sensors and electrochemical Devanathan-Stachurski permeation tests are presented. A positive correlation between H-permeation rate at steady-state and environment fH2S or [H2Saq] is measured for numerous carbon steel grades in acetate-buffered 5% NaCl solution at pH ~ 4 and PH2S (~1bar), tested at total pressure between 1 – 300 bar. Furthermore, hydrogen induced cracking of a susceptible carbon steel grade increases when evaluated as a function of increasing fH2S for the same PH2S/pH combination.

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Effect Of H2S On CO2 Corrosion Of Mild Steel In HPHT Conditions

Product Number: 51321-16622-SG

Author: Yoon-Seok Choi/ Fernando Farelas/ Luciano Paolinelli/ Srdjan Nesic/ Ahmad Zaki B Abas/ Azmi Mohammed Nor/ Muhammad Firdaus Suhor

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Effect of H2S on the Corrosion and Cracking Behavior of Welded API 5L X65 Steel in Supercritical CO2

Product Number: 51321-16407-SG

Author: Shiladitya Paul

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Effect Of H2S On The Performance Of Welded 13% Cr Steel In Supercritical CO2

Product Number: 51322-17886-SG

Author: Shiladitya Paul

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Carbon steels such as API 5L X65 are widely used oil and gas exploration, production and transportation service. However, these steels tend to corrode in the presence of wet CO2 and corrosion is more pronounced in the presence of dissolved salts and acids. Other metals, alloys and polymers also degrade in the presence of high pressure gaseous and supercritical CO2. The corrosion rate of carbon steels in some aqueous environments have been reported to be more than a few millimeters per year.9-10 The situation could be further exacerbated by H2S where cracking can be an issue for high strength steels.

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Effect of Heat Treatment and Manufacturing Method on the Susceptibility to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking of UNS N06625

Product Number: 51324-20899-SG

Author: Eivind Bruun Thorstensen; Atle Helge Qvale; Vebjørn Andresen ; Roy Johnsen; Paal Bratland

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper presents results obtained from examining the effect of heat treatment and production method on the hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC) susceptibility of UNS N06625 (Alloy 625). Five different versions of Alloy 625 were examined: Hot forged material heat treated at 920 °C, 1010 °C and 1100 °C respectively, material produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and material that has been solution annealed and strain hardened (cold worked) at a temperature below secondary phase formation. The different versions of Alloy 625 were initially characterized by identifying the critical pitting temperature (CPT) by use of a modified ASTM G48 Method C test. Resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) has been examined by use of stepwise loading of tensile specimens in a hydrogen charging environment in CortestTM proof rings, followed by fractography characterization and microstructural examination by use of Optical Light Microscope (OLM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The hot forged and the HIP’ed versions of Alloy 625 that subsequently were heat treated, were found to be susceptible to HISC. The evaluation was based on a decrease in strength and ductility, as well as brittle fracture surfaces and secondary cracking on the samples’ outer surface. Among the hot forged and heat-treated versions, the samples heat treated at 1010°C were found to be the most susceptible to HISC, while (solution) heat treatment at 1100°C resulted in the lowest HISC susceptibility amongst the hot forged and heat-treated qualities. The solution annealed (1150 °C) and cold worked version showed a higher resistance to HISC, as no reduction in fracture strength, nor any secondary cracking were observed. The amount of grain boundary precipitations was found to be the main factor influencing the HISC susceptibility, where an increased amount of grain boundary precipitations led to higher susceptibility. The effect of grain size on the HISC susceptibility of samples charged with hydrogen were also considered, and the results indicate that larger grains have a beneficial effect on the ductility.

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Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of ATIG Welded Aluminum Alloy

Product Number: MPWT19-14282

Author: Mohammed Ali Al Ghamdi,

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The 6XXX aluminum alloys are magnesium and silicon alloys that are widely used in several applications for their attractive mechanical properties. However, there are some problems associated with the welding of aluminum alloys. Aluminum alloys are difficult to weld due to their high thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion. The weldability of aluminum alloys varies significantly, depending on its chemical composition. In this paper, an experimental investigation studies the effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of 6063 aluminum alloy for a single pass of Activated Tungsten Inert Gas (ATIG) welding. A thin layer of flux was applied to the welding area. Using ATIG, using the edge preparation, time and power consumption, shielding gas amount and wire quantity can be considerably reduced. Moreover, the number of joints per shift can be increased. No degradation in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the ATIG welds have been observed compared to those produced by conventional TIG welding. The optimal ageing parameters (temperature-time) have been determined to improve the mechanical properties. Taguchi method used to optimize the ageing parameters to improve the mechanical properties.

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Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Corrosion Protection Performance of Thermal Sprayed Aluminum Coating

Product Number: 41214-844-SG

Author: KyungJin Park, SangKyu Ryu, MyoungHo Ahn

Publication Date: 2014

$20.00

In the present study, thermal effects on the corrosion behavior and corrosion protection performance of TSA coating were investigated using various electrochemical techniques. Heat treatment at higher temperature induces more cracks in the sealer and aluminum coating. Water and corrosive species (e.g., Cl-) penetrate through the cracks, resulting in corrosion of steel substrate.

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Effect Of Heat Treatment, Cold Working And Long-Term Ageing In Air On The Stress Corrosion Cracking Growth Rate In Simulated PWR Primary Water For Commercial TT

Product Number: ED22-18356-SG

Author: Toshio Yonezawa, Atsushi Hashimoto

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

About 39 years ago, the first author of this paper has successfully developed the Thermally Treated (TT) Alloy 690, with his colleagues from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. at that time and with people from Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. (the company name at that time, now Nippon Steel Corporation). And they have practically applied TT Alloy 690 to steam generator (SG) tubes. The developed TT
Alloy 690 consists of the combinations between the fully solution heat treatment (SHT) condition before TT and carbon content, particularly selected with an optimized microstructure verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

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Effect of Hydrogen Flux on the Plasticity and Damage Mechanisms of Martensitic Steels

Product Number: 51319-12739-SG

Author: Livia Cupertino Malheiros

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The depletion of easily exploitable oil and gas resources increases the demand for high strength steels able to withstand the high pressures of deeper offshore exploitation. These steels need also to resist a sour environment that enables hydrogen stress cracking. Hydrogen embrittlement is the consequence of a complex mechanism involving adsorption/absorption diffusion and trapping phenomena. Although hydrogen dramatically affects the fracture the mechanisms responsible for generating ductile andbrittle hydrogen-induced fracture surfaces are not well understood. Therefore it is critical to study the impact of mobile and trapped hydrogen on both ductile and brittle fracture of martensitic steels. The present work combines a new design of permeation testing under tensile loading and FEM modelling to investigate the interactions between hydrogen and damage mechanisms focused on plasticity. More precisely the impact of mobile and trapped hydrogen on ductile and brittle fracture of martensitic steels is inspected using a local approach of fracture and a specific analysis of defects evolution under hydrogen flux (vacancies and dislocations). Damage investigation was performed for specimens submitted to several mechanical states (different notch shapes) and hydrogen concentrations (pre-charged and under hydrogen flux). The results showed that the trapped hydrogen favors a ductile fracture while the mobile hydrogen promotes a quasi-cleavage damage at a scale of the martensitic laths. Further analysis revealed that whereas the trapped hydrogen promotes the germination and growth of voids around inclusions and precipitates the mobile hydrogen enhances decohesion along interfaces. The role of plasticity in both fracture mechanisms wasinvestigated. It has been found that plasticity is crucial not only for the ductile fracture but also to the quasi-cleavage process. EBSD images at the quasi-cleavage regions reveal that the majority of the fracture paths occurred on slip planes emphasizing the plasticity contribution to this brittle fracture.

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Effect Of Hydrophobic Interaction On Corrosion Inhibitor Efficiency

Product Number: 51322-17597-SG

Author: Susumu Hirano, Ayano Yasui, Hirotaka Mizukami, Tatsuya Sei, Toshiyuki Sunaba

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Corrosion inhibitors are used to prevent pipeline corrosion in oil and gas industry. The evaluation of corrosion inhibitors is one of the most important tasks for the corrosion engineers. Corrosion of the metal is suppressed by the inhibitor adsorption on the metal surface. Active ingredients of corrosion inhibitors are, in general, surfactants. A surfactant can adsorb on the internal metal surface of piping and makes a hydrophobic film preventing the contact of water with the metal surface.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance