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California’s Architectural Coatings Surveys
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California’s Architectural Coatings Surveys

Product Number: 41207-319-SG
Author: Monique Spears Davis
Publication Date: 2007
$20.00

In California, local air districts have regulations that limit the volatile organic compound (VOC) content of architectural coatings. The California Air Resources Board (ARB) provides assistance to local districts when developing regulations. This assistance includes developing Suggested Control Measures which serve as model rules for local districts. ARB also provides assistance by conducting periodic surveys of coating manufacturers to gather data on all of the architectural coatings sold in California during a particular year. 
Picture for Can an Intermittent Cathodic Protection System Prevent Corrosion of Buried Pipeline?
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Can an Intermittent Cathodic Protection System Prevent Corrosion of Buried Pipeline?

Product Number: 51317--9353-SG
ISBN: 9353 2017 CP
Author: Marco Ormellese
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

In this paper, a preliminary study of the effect of intermittent CP has been carried out in order to investigate the effect of a temporary current interruption on the potential monitoring and on the residual corrosion of the metal.

 
Picture for Can Electrochemical Charging Replace Hydrogen Gas Charging During Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing?
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Can Electrochemical Charging Replace Hydrogen Gas Charging During Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing?

Product Number: 51324-20712-SG
Author: Erik Koren; Roy Johnsen; Dong Wang; Cataslina H.M. Hagen; Anette B. Hagen; Bård Nyhus; Antonio Alvaro; Hisao Matsunaga
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
This paper presents the output from a study with the aim to correlate hydrogen gas charging and electrochemical charging for a X65 pipeline steel. The hydrogen uptake and diffusivity were evaluated via the permeation technique by employing both hydrogen gas charging and electrochemical charging. The effective diffusion coefficient, Deff, was determined by partial transients. The sub-surface hydrogen concentration, C0R, was then employed to determine the equivalent hydrogen pressure, pH2eq, of electrochemical charging conditions. In parallel, a permeation cell consisting of two membranes with thickness 6 mm welded together with a narrow gap in between was built. This unit was exposed to equal cathodic polarization conditions as the electrochemical permeation cell. The equilibrium pressure in the gap was measured and compared to the calculated hydrogen pressure from the gas permeation test with good correlation. Finally, an initial evaluation through toughness tests with the same X65 material executed in i) hydrogen gas and ii) electrolytic charging at equivalent hydrogen concentrations, gave promising results concerning the correctness of the correlation between the two hydrogen sources.
Picture for Can Micelles Be Used To Expedite And Enhance Laboratory Qualification Testing?
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Can Micelles Be Used To Expedite And Enhance Laboratory Qualification Testing?

Product Number: 51322-17824-SG
Author: Scott Rankin, Andy Osnowski, Emma Perfect
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

The prevention of internal corrosion remains a significant challenge during the production of oil and gas. The use of film forming corrosion inhibitors is an important and cost-effective means of protecting assets from corrosion. These chemicals operate by forming a protective layer between the corrosive species present in the produced fluids and the pipe surface.
Can One Coatings be Best for All CUI Service
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Can One Coatings be Best for All CUI Service

Product Number: 41216-987-SG
Author: Michael MeLampy
Publication Date: 2016
$20.00

Corrosion under Insulation (CUI) is accelerated corrosion that takes place under insulation typically used to conserve energy, help with process control, and protect workers from temperature extremes. CUI is an issue for facility owners in many industries that use heat or cold in their industrial processes, including chemical processing, refining, fertilizer manufacturing, and power generation. Insulation used in these applications is generally mechanically attached to the substrate vessel or pipeline and is typically covered with cladding. Cladding is typically made out of metal or plastic and is applied to protect the insulation from physical damage and to keep water away from the insulation and substrate.
Picture for Can Tarpaulin (TARP) Covering Protect Pipeline Coating FBE System 1a From UV Degradation?
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Can Tarpaulin (TARP) Covering Protect Pipeline Coating FBE System 1a From UV Degradation?

Product Number: 51323-18938-SG
Author: Aissa VanDerVeen, Jeffrey Rogozinski, Thomas E. Grauer, Amal Al-Borno, Yuan Li, Moavin Islam, Ski Yin
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) coated pipelines are extensively used throughout the world for transportation of various types of fluids and gases1. New and unused FBE coated pipes often end up being stockpiled in open yards for various reasons such as delay in start of a project, excess inventory etc. Outdoor exposure for long durations results in the physical and chemical degradation of the coating. This happens due to the interaction of the oxygen and moisture in the air, and the ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun which causes photo-oxidative degradation of the polymer in the coating.
Picture for Can We Expand ATP Assay and Molecular Techniques to Measure Microbes on Surfaces and Under Deposits?
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Can We Expand ATP Assay and Molecular Techniques to Measure Microbes on Surfaces and Under Deposits?

Product Number: 51317--9414-SG
ISBN: 9414 2017 CP
Author: Kim Dockens
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

This paper compares planktonic and sessile counts using a variety of testing methods (including culture media, ATP assay and nucleic acid analysis). Data will be presented from a series of case studies including both lab work and field assessments.

 

 
Can You Use a ZInc Rich Primer When Painting Offshore?
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Can You Use a ZInc Rich Primer When Painting Offshore?

Product Number: 51220-266-SG
Author: Raquel Morales, Antoni Prieto, Pinturas Hempel, Joaquin Ferreiro, David Morton, Hempel AS
Publication Date: 2020
$20.00

Traditional zinc rich primers are the primer of choice during new construction of assets placed offshore for oil & gas production. However, during maintenance, zinc rich primers are not used because of difficulties of having good surface preparation and controlling applied dft to prevent cracking. This paper will examine the performance of new, activated zinc rich epoxy primers compared to conventional zinc rich epoxy primers on steel prepared to different surface profiles using standard techniques of today.
CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM (CIP) FOR WATER STORAGE FACILITIES
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CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM (CIP) FOR WATER STORAGE FACILITIES

Product Number: 51218-094-SG
Author: Robert Boswell
Publication Date: 2018
$20.00

A well-maintained CIP Evaluation and Rehabilitation program can save millions of dollars in replacement cost!
Picture for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Cathodic Protection Design Data in Deepsea Water – Influence of the Environment on the Biofilm Cathodic Activity
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Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Cathodic Protection Design Data in Deepsea Water – Influence of the Environment on the Biofilm Cathodic Activity

Product Number: 51319-13124-SG
Author: Erwan Diler
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

In natural seawater many parameters might influence the cathodic protection current demand such as potential temperature dissolved oxygen content biofilm and fouling activity and calcareous deposit formation. The actual deepsea environment cannot be easily reproduced at laboratory scale at the levels measured in deep sea.In this study the influence of the depth on the cathodic protection criteria of carbon steel and stainless steel was investigated in intermediary (1020 m depth) and deep water (2020 m) at the same location. For this purpose at set of corrosion and environmental sensors as well as metallic coupons were exposed during 327 days in Azores in the Atlantic Ocean.On stainless steel characteristic cathodic depolarizations due to biofilm activity were observed in intermediary and deep water. However a strong cathodic activity induced by the biofilm was only measured in deep water. Thus a potential ennoblement on stainless steel in presence of biofilm is not necessary associated to a strong cathodic activity (current demand). The obtained results show that the increase in the current density induced by the biofilm depends on the limiting parameter of the reaction which can be under anodic or cathodic control. Thus as a function of the environment and the experimental setup a “strongly-active” or “weakly-active” biofilm can be formed on stainless steel. Under cathodic control high current densities were measured after several months in deep water. When the above conditions are favorable to a “strongly-active” apparition a strong CP depolarization might appear.In this study new autonomous biofilm sensors exposed for the first time in open and deep water appear relevant to discriminate cathodically “strongly-active” and “weakly-active” biofilm.For carbon steel the cathodic protection data collected in situ show that the initial and mean (after 11 months) current densities are higher than those recommended by the DNVGL RP B401 standard. Although mean current densities are expected to continue to decrease slowly with the exposure time so tending to the standard recommendations the DNVGL RP B401 standard might not be conservative in terms of current densities criteria for studied environments.
Picture for Carbon Steel Corrosion On Production Environment, Evaluating The Impact Of CO2 Partial Pressure, BSW And Oil Characteristics On Tubular Life Extend
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Carbon Steel Corrosion On Production Environment, Evaluating The Impact Of CO2 Partial Pressure, BSW And Oil Characteristics On Tubular Life Extend

Product Number: 51321-16868-SG
Author: Merlin C. E. Bandeira; Rogaciano M. Moreira; Felipe S. Assunção; Oscar R. Mattos; Gustavo L. Vaz; Jefferson R. Oliveira; Ilson Palmieri; Bruno Diehl Neto
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Carbonate And Sulfide Scale Formation In Multiphase Conditions
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Carbonate And Sulfide Scale Formation In Multiphase Conditions

Product Number: 51322-17894-SG
Author: Olujide Sanni, Thibaut Charpentier, Anne Neville
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Inorganic fouling in oilfields has resulted in millions of dollars of operating expenditure every year since the inception of offshore oil and gas drilling, where mineral scale deposition in tubing, flowlines and downhole equipment leads to significant production downtime. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fouling is endemic in oilfield systems, as produced water containing both bicarbonate and calcium ions is prone to form precipitates as a result of pressure changes during production.The release of carbon dioxide gas from the aqueous phase prompts the evolution of carbonate resulting in a rise in pH and consequent precipitation.
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