AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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The Influence of Electrochemical Potential and Stress-Level on Trench Nucleation on Ni-Bearing Low Alloy Steels in Sour Environments

Product Number: 51323-19030-SG

Author: Dannisa R. Chalfoun, Mariano A. Kappes, Teresa E. Perez, Mariano Iannuzzi, José Luis Otegui, Ricardo M. Carranza

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The presence of trenches on low alloy steels (LAS) in sour environments at the open circuit potential (OCP) has been reported since 1977. Originally, they were classified as deep and elongated localized corrosion pits. Recently, many authors have referred to them as “stress-induced grooves.

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The influence of flash rust-preventing inhibitors on the performance of corrosion protective coatings

Product Number: 51323-19327-SG

Author: Anders W. B. Skilbred, Jeferson De Oliveira, Andreas Løken

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Water jetting is frequently used as a surface preparation method mainly during maintenance. However, water-jetted surfaces are prone to the formation of flash rust in the time interval between surface preparation and coating application. The formation of flash rust increases with increasing temperature, relative humidity, and salt contamination concentration on the surface.

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The Influence of Flow Rate on Corrosion Behavior of X65 Carbon Steel in Water-Saturated Supercritical CO2/H2S System

Product Number: 51319-13081-SG

Author: Jian Bo Sun

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The influence of flow rate on corrosion behavior of X65 carbon steel in water-saturated supercritical CO2 phase containing 1000 ppmv H2S impurity was studied at 35 °C and 8 MPa from 0 m/s to 1.5 m/s. Weight loss tests showed that the general corrosion rate reached maximum at the flow rate of 1 m/s and then decreased with flow rate to 1.5 m/s. Turtle pattern corrosion morphology was observed on the sample surface when the flow rate exceeded 1 m/s. The corrosion product mainly consisted of FeCO3 and FeS and the average size of spherical corrosion product changed with flow rate. Besides the percentage composition of FeS presented the same change trend as the average size of spherical corrosion product. In supercritical CO2 phase wall shear stress was not big enough to cause mechanical damage on corrosion film but can affect the formation process and the characteristics of the corrosion film of X65 carbon steel.

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THE INFLUENCE OF INSULATION MATERIALS ON CORROSION UNDER INSULATION

Product Number: MPWT19-15362

Author: John Williams, Owen Evans

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

The designer of industrial equipment and piping has three weapons in the fight against corrosion
under insulation (CUI). The first and primary defense against CUI is a high quality, immersion
grade coating. The second is a properly designed and installed weather barrier jacketing. The third
and, arguably, least understood element is the choice of insulation material. This paper will explore
the ways in which insulation materials influence CUI behavior, presenting results from both
laboratory and field-testing on seven industrial insulation materials and one composite system.
The materials tested were calcium silicate, expanded perlite, cellular glass, mineral wool (both
regular and water-repellent grade), and two types of flexible aerogel blanket material -Pyrogel
XT and Cryogel Z

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The Influence Of Oxygen On Protective Iron Carbonate Scales Formed On Carbon Steel In CO2 Environments At Near-Neutral Ph

Product Number: 51322-17899-SG

Author: Pedro Netto da Silva, Gaute Svenningsen, Arne Dugstad, José Antônio da Cunha Ponciano Gomes

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

High strength carbon steel tensile wires confined in the annulus of flexible pipes might experience corrosion when the annulus is flooded with water, either due to outer sheath breaches or to condensation of water molecules permeating from the bore through the inner sheath. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) molecules may also permeate from the bore and reach the annulus, where it dissolves into water to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃).

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The Influence of Post-Weld Heat Treatments (PWHT) upon the Resistance of Ni-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo alloys to Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking, Pitting, and Crevice Attack

Product Number: 51321-16420-SG

Author: Ling Chen/Paul Crook

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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The Influence Of Stress Concentration And Plastic Strain On The Resistance Of Precipitation-Hardened Nickel Alloys To Hydrogen Embrittlement

Product Number: 51321-16644-SG

Author: David Griffiths, Kasra Sotoudeh, Michael Dodge, Mike Gittos

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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The Integration of a Safety Program into a Quality Management System

Product Number: 41211-656-SG

Author: Jeff Theo

Publication Date: 2011

$20.00

The traditional contracting business operations utilize three distinct programs – Safety, Quality and Policy/Procedures. These programs are typically found in three distinct manuals – The Safety Manual, The Quality Manual, and the Policy/Procedure Manual. This paper suggests that a “process approach” in a standardized quality management system can be used to integrate the three programs.

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The Interaction between Desiccant and Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor

Product Number: 51324-20796-SG

Author: Mitch Fillbach; Mahin Shahlari

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Using desiccant is an old, and frequent form of corrosion prevention for metal packaging, relying on reduced humidity to reduce corrosion. Desiccants, while effective in many applications, have been overtaken by Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors (VCI), which overcome some drawbacks of desiccants. VCI are less sensitive to damaged packaging and remain effective even after extended exposure to high humidity. VCI, however, does little to control the humidity inside of the packaging, leading some to want to combine the use of desiccant with VCI. In the following paper we will lay out issues with adsorbing VCI onto the desiccant, and damage to the desiccation ability as well as some of the improvements to longevity and moderation of emission that result when the two technologies are combined. The focus of the paper will be on deliquescent salts, superabsorbent polymers, clay, silica gel, and VCI emitting breathable pouches.

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The Interaction of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds based Corrosion Inhibitor with Carbon Steel in CO2 Saturated NaCl Solution

Product Number: 51323-19515-SG

Author: Magdalena Eskinja, Gregor Mori, Masoud Moshtaghi, Stefan Hönig, Gerald Zehethofer

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Carbon steel is commonly used as a material for pipelines in oil and gas industry for facilities such as flowlines, down hole tubulars, transmission pipelines. Wide use of carbon steel is conventional due to its economic feasibility, however this kind of steel faces significant internal corrosion problems with corrosion rates reaching up to 10 mm/y if there is exclusion of protective methods. In oil and gas industry such carbon steel pipelines are utilized for transportation of hydrocarbons where they are simultaneously exposed to the co-generated acidic gases (carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S)) and water.

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The Irony of Creating a Lining Failure in the Process of Inspection

Product Number: 51324-21128-SG

Author: Steve Liebhart

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Inspection and shipping schedules often require hydrocarbon storage tanks and rail cars to be removed from service and turned around quickly. This can be for lining/tank inspection or to clean and repurpose it, among other reasons. For whatever reason needed the tank is drained, and any remaining material, including all vapors, must be removed for safe entry into the tank. This process might involve forced heat and ventilation but is not often precisely controlled and even less often are details of the process documented. After cargo is evacuated from the tank the hope is to find the lining intact, and then return it to service as soon as possible. During the process of evacuating volatile material from the tank it is important to handle the lining with care and attention so not to allow the empty tank shell and lining to heat up too fast. This is a dangerous scenario for the well-being of the lining if heated too fast while it contains volatile materials absorbed in the film. When a lining saturated with volatile hydrocarbon is rapidly subjected to increased temperature an equally rapid increase in vapor pressure occurs as the material changes from liquid to gas. Damage to the lining can occur if the vapors can’t escape before generating enough pressure to form blisters and/or cracks. This paper/presentation will discuss the physical phenomenon occurring during the heating and desorption of gasoline from a lining recently removed from immersion service, and how inadvertently damaging the lining during this sensitive process can occur. The purpose of this work is to raise awareness of this phenomenon and show how the long-term performance of a lining can be dramatically impacted in a matter of minutes if not appropriately cared for. Some guidance on how to avoid this problem will also be discussed.

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The Latest Developments on Cathodic Protection Technologies in China

Product Number: MECC23-19994-SG

Author: Yanxia Du; Feng Gu; Te Ke; Zitao Jiang

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The progress of science and technology, and the large-scale construction of infrastructures, not only bring about challenges to cathodic protection (CP), but also provide new opportunities for CP technologies. Challenges and opportunities promote the development of the CP technologies. In recent years, CP technology has achieved great development particularly in the following four aspects: first, numerical simulation calculation technology of cathodic protection, which has made remarkable achievements in theoretical research and practical application; second, data remote monitoring technology of cathodic protection, which has improved the management level of cathodic protection system by combining wireless transmission system and GPRS network; third, great progress has been made in the aspects of AC and DC stray current corrosion mechanism, evaluation method and elimination technology; fourth, the development of photocathodic protection technology.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance