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Picture for Optimizing Sour Qualification Testing – Verification of H2S Solubility From H2S/N2 Gas Mixtures up to 20,000 psig at 70 °F
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Optimizing Sour Qualification Testing – Verification of H2S Solubility From H2S/N2 Gas Mixtures up to 20,000 psig at 70 °F

Product Number: 51321-16317-SG
Author: Brent W.A. Sherar/Peter F. Ellis II
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Outdoor Combined Effects Testing
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Outdoor Combined Effects Testing

Product Number: 51321-16844-SG
Author: Christine E. Sanders; Raymond J. Santucci, Jr
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Over-the-line Potential Surveys for Indirect Condition Assessment of Water/Waste Water Pipelines: Case Studies
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Over-the-line Potential Surveys for Indirect Condition Assessment of Water/Waste Water Pipelines: Case Studies

Product Number: 51319-13003-SG
Author: Mersedeh Akhoondan
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Failure of water/wastewater mains can result in high visibility repairs customer inconvenience and replacement costs. Preventive measures such as condition assessment for early recognition of corrosion in aging infrastructures is crucial for agencies from resiliency safety and economic standpoints but is not regulated as in the oil & gas industry. Internally deployed tools/technology or external excavations for direct assessment techniques provide valuable insight on the existing condition of buried structures but at a significant cost in terms of shutdown and technology expenses in addition to safety concerns for manned entries into confined spaces. Because of the cost and safety implications large diameter cement mortar lined (CML) pipe extensive and recurring direct assessments are less common in the water and wastewater industries. Indirect assessment techniques particularly the over-the-line potential surveys for condition assessment of water/wastewater lines can be conducted to determine active external corrosion areas. Traditionally over-the-line potential surveys were applied to electrically continuous pipelines. Most water/wastewater pipeline designs utilize rubber gasket bell-and-spigot joints. Unless electrical continuity is intentionally designed for the pipeline such joints result in a pipeline with no electrical continuity. This paper presents multiple case studies where over-the-line potential surveys were successfully applied on electrically discontinuous water pipelines. The results of over-the-line surveys correlated well with direct assessment techniques. The paper presents the methodology and results of such assessments and findings for various pipe materials.