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Rare earth elements (REE) and lithium are metals that are considered critical materials due to their use in electronics, magnets, batteries, and a wide variety of industrial processes important for the economy and military preparedness. Today, these metals are commonly harvested as metal oxide, halide or hydroxide minerals. Fiber reinforced p with even greater design temperatures lastic (FRP) has been used with great success for more than 50 years to build corrosion resistant mineral processing equipment.
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Mining is the essential process of extracting materials from the earth. It dates back to prehistoric times when the earliest humans mined flint, copper and gold. These basic materials were then used for tools, weapons, currency. Today, there is a wide array of mined products from the extraction of valuable materials. Mining is a growing industry with many varied processes and system designs depending on the extraction requirements, processing techniques, and restoration of the land after a mind is closed.
The most commonly available non-metallic options for piping systems handling corrosive fluids - thermoplastic, thermoplasticlined metallic, thermoset, thermoplastic lined composite, fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) and Engineered Structural Composite (ESC) piping.
Syncrude is one of the largest operators in Canada’s oil sands industry, with an over 55-year history of innovation. Based in Fort McMurray, AB, Canada and with a large research and development (R&D) facility in Edmonton, AB, Canada, this joint venture company operated by Suncor Energy Inc. has pioneered many of the processes used in the industry. The production process starts with oil sands surface mining using shovels and trucks, followed by a crushing and screening process.
With new regulations restricting the use of toxic metals and chemicals, the marine coating industry is in need of new coatings. Ideally, these new materials should be non-toxic and biologically inert but still prevent the adhesion of marine life. The coatings should be easy to apply, cure rapidly and be relatively tough elastomers.
A new acrylic epoxy hybrid (AEH) water based dispersion has been developed for two-components coating applications for several years. This new AEH dispersion can be used to replace the conventional water based epoxy dispersions for concrete and metal coatings. The curing agent selection for the new AEH dispersion is critical for metal applications for both formulation stability and the performance such as corrosion resistance, water resistance and UV durability. This paper discusses the utility of using ζ-potential and water solubility in curing agent selection.
Produced water recycling for hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations has been an increasingly common practice to support oil and gas development in the Permian Basin. Aside from the economic benefits associated with reusing the water produced which is a byproduct of oil and gas operations, recycling reduces both the need for sourcing water (brackish or fresh) from the environment as well as the volume of produced water requiring disposal. Produced water ponds support successful recycling by providing temporary storage of recycled water and volume buffer for fracking. Raw produced water is usually treated in recycling facilities before being stored in the ponds.