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The exposure environment of an engineering material quite often has a large impact on how that material behaves over time. Environments are distinguished by differences in meteorological patterns, geography, salinity, Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, etc1-3. Thus, the degradation of various materials scales proportionately to the characteristics of the exposure site, with more severe sites leading to worse degradation. Developing an understanding of how the local environment impacts the corrosion rates of metals and the deterioration of anti-corrosion coatings is critical for informing asset maintenance schedules and lifetime predictions4.
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The U.S. Navy spends tens of millions of dollars each year repairing failed coatings on its ships and submarines. The Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) and the National Surface Treatment Center (NST Center) have developed and implemented a process to assess preservation work being conducted by both public and commercial shipyards and the Navy’s Supervisor of Shipbuilding commands
Traditional water treatment methods pose several challenges to large-vessel preservation. A solution to these challenges involves the application of an immiscible corrosion inhibiting oil partition on the water surface. This paper will highlight challenges of traditional preservation methods and examine the efficacy of one commercial float coat.
This workshop will review historical methods of data collection and the latest, ever evolving technology to provide rapid, accurate inspection results.
Over the past few decades, dramatic technology shifts have occurred in the coatings industry. Rapid changes in pigments, resins, and solvents have helped make environmentally friendly coatings possible; however, such changes have also created many technical hurdles.
Today’s coating formulations have and are continuing to evolve in chemistry and composition in response to environmental regulations as well as raw material availability, and social expectations. The performance expectations for coatings have, if anything increased rather than decreased.
Epoxy coatings are a mainstay of the protective and marine coatings markets. Used as intermediate coats over inorganic and organic zinc rich primers or used as direct-to-metal primers in coating systems, epoxy coatings are widely recognized for their versatility and the excellent corrosion resistance they provide. One drawback to current epoxy coating technology is that it requires separate packaging for the epoxy resins and the amide or amine hardeners because the chemical reaction between these materials causing the applied film to cure to a dry state would also cause the bulk material to gel if packaged together (pot life).
The Southern Delivery System is a 62-mile steel pipeline built to transport water from Pueblo Reservoir to Colorado Springs. A contract was awarded to the coatings applicator to install an antifouling coating system that would start from the new conduit, exiting the dam, to the first bulkhead.
In this study, a plug flow reactor was built to investigate iron sulfide scale precipitation at various temperatures, pH and ionic strength conditions and two pieces of carbon steel C1018 coupons were put inside as reaction surfaces. The ferrous ion and total sulfide in collected effluent samples were measured to determine precipitation kinetics and solubility. The solid that formed on the steel surfaces were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The solubility data from this study and literature were collected and fitted by Matlab to build up a reliable FeS solubility prediction model. The experimental results show that mackinawite is the predominant precipitated scale and could be stable for a week at pH higher than 6.0. Iron sulfide precipitation is under diffusion control, accelerated by high temperature and ionic strength. At pH 6 – 7, the aqueous phase neutral species, such as 𝐹𝑒𝑆0𝑎𝑞, plays an important role in the solubility and precipitation kinetic. Based on this study, a new solubility model that combines Pitzer theory and ion-complexes (speciation of ferrous ion) has been developed for iron sulfide solubility calculation and scale prediction.
For the hospital administrator who is concerned with meeting the newer CDC (Center for Disease Control) and JCAHO (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations) protocols without sacrificing aesthetics and durability, there are new developments in architectural coating technologies for targeted hospital environments that require a higher frequency of cleaning with harsher disinfectants.
New axially loaded full ring test method which was developed and demonstrated to combine the benefits of retaining a full as-welded pipe pup-piece, permitting single-sided exposure, with the advantage of tensile loading of the complete tubular specimen.