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51314-4273-Evaluation of Corrosivity of Produced Fluids during SAGD Operations

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Product Number: 51314-4273-SG
ISBN: 4273 2014 CP
Author: Raymundo Case
Publication Date: 2014
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Heavy oil extraction using steam flooding methods such as Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) has been used for several decades; yet no severe corrosion damage has been reported despite the presence of 35-40 mol. % CO2 and 2-3 mol. % H2S in the steam chambers. As acid gas partial pressures pH and temperature traditionally drive corrosion control philosophies this lack of observed corrosion needs to be understood. Thermodynamic modeling has been done to obtain related pH profiles and estimate carbon steel corrosion rates in order to better understand the corrosive behavior exhibited by produced fluids under SAGD conditions.The results indicate that the corrosivity of produced fluids is very low despite the relatively high acid gas content. This can be explained by the formation of a “passive” layer of iron oxide products (Fe2O3/Fe3O4) that is present primarily due to two factors; high temperatures (above ca. 130°C) which reduce acid gas solubility and partitioning of the gases primarily into the oil phase. These modeling results are also substantiated by weight loss and electrochemical testing experiments performed in simulated SAGD conditions. Pitting corrosion is also being assessed in this study. 
Heavy oil extraction using steam flooding methods such as Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) has been used for several decades; yet no severe corrosion damage has been reported despite the presence of 35-40 mol. % CO2 and 2-3 mol. % H2S in the steam chambers. As acid gas partial pressures pH and temperature traditionally drive corrosion control philosophies this lack of observed corrosion needs to be understood. Thermodynamic modeling has been done to obtain related pH profiles and estimate carbon steel corrosion rates in order to better understand the corrosive behavior exhibited by produced fluids under SAGD conditions.The results indicate that the corrosivity of produced fluids is very low despite the relatively high acid gas content. This can be explained by the formation of a “passive” layer of iron oxide products (Fe2O3/Fe3O4) that is present primarily due to two factors; high temperatures (above ca. 130°C) which reduce acid gas solubility and partitioning of the gases primarily into the oil phase. These modeling results are also substantiated by weight loss and electrochemical testing experiments performed in simulated SAGD conditions. Pitting corrosion is also being assessed in this study. 
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51316-7184-Corrosivity of Produced and Make-up Water in Oil Sands Thermal Water Treatment Systems

Product Number: 51316-7184-SG
ISBN: 7184 2016 CP
Author: Tesfaalem Gebremedhin Haile
Publication Date: 2016
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The current paper presents a study on corrosivity of produced water and make-up water on UNS G10180 carbon steel in simulated in-situ thermal operations.  

 
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51312-01716-Materials Selection for Designing SAGD Plants

Product Number: 51312-01716-SG
ISBN: 01716 2012 CP
Author: Dilip Kumar
Publication Date: 2012
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Picture for Mystery of SAGD Produced Gas Corrosivity and Corrosion Mitigation Strategy
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51315-5447-Mystery of SAGD Produced Gas Corrosivity and Corrosion Mitigation Strategy

Product Number: 51315-5447-SG
ISBN: 5447 2015 CP
Author: Qiang (John) Liu
Publication Date: 2015
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 The new passivation mechanism in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process is discussed through theoretical approach in this paper.  A corrosion mitigation program was implemented that included the pigging both slug and batch corrosion inhibitors chemistry analysis corrosion rate (CR) monitoring and non-destructive tests.
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