Process equipment which employs a corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) layer cladded to steel is common in refineries, petrochemical plants and other plants processing highly corrosive media. There are two regularly employed methods for welding attachments and internals to clad process vessels. One is to remove the CRA cladding for welding the attachment to the steel base metal assuming dissimilar welds and restoring CRA by weld overlay. The other eliminates the step of removing the cladding, simplifying the attachment process by direct welding of the internals onto the clad layer. With the lack of data to prove the integrity of direct welding attachment onto the clad layer, designers frequently demand the cladding be removed or allow only a conservatively low stress limit for what can be attached directly to the clad surface. It is well understood that eliminating the step of removing clad increases the simplicity, improves the lead-time, and reduces the cost of making these attachments for trays or other internals, but there are concerns about clad disbonding risks. With the aim to provide data around the integrity of direct welding attachments for better risk assessments, a technical study was undertaken. In this study, it will be shown that the bond between clad material and the base steel is robust enough to withstand the heaviest attachments and harshest conditions. The theory behind the technical study will be presented along with the results of this study

In any operating facility, the integrity of flare or relief lines should always be closely maintained, as it is one of the most important safeguards during plant upsets or emergency conditions. The most common damage mechanism in acid flare lines is acid gas dew point corrosion”. Corrosion in such systems is often dependent on fluid stagnation, especially in the presence of acidic water, during idle conditions.
The intent of this paper is to shed light on the efforts done in a gas treatment facility to identify different root causes that impacted or accelerated Acid Gas Dew Point Corrosion. These included design deficiencies, equipment integrity, and process challenges. Moreover, the paper provides findings and recommendations to avoid the occurrence of similar events in acid flare lines.

Digitalization is the use of digital technologies and digitally-enabled approaches to enable or improve business models and processes. The use of remote tablets to capture inspection data in real-time and the use of streaming video are key examples of digitalization. The addition of sensors to monitor the health of an asset is a component of enabling a digital twin concept, which is enabled with historical, real-time and forecast data. This document presents current use cases on the use of digital twin platforms to visualize assets and provide context for operational data. The use of hyperspectral sensors to help enhance the digital twin environment adds lifecycle features that enable more efficient condition monitoring. An overview of the BIM (Building Information Modeling) service supporting the digital lifecycle of 3-D/2-D model integrations will be discussed. This will also include the use of AR/VR devices including Microsoft’s Hololens and the delivery of ‘model load packages’, which allows the user to view the various models required to integrate with Hololen’s features. The combined use of augmented inspection reporting and corrective maintenance instructions allows for a streamlined inspection approach through the use of in situ sensors and mobile inspection campaigns.