AMPP Store - Conference Papers

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Lining Concrete Ground Storage Tanks in Cold Weather: How New Coating Technology can Reduce Issues Related to Solvent Entrapment and Amine Blush

Product Number: 51220-234-SG

Author: Cory Brown

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Concrete ground storage tanks for potable water can often times be large. This can make lining them a difficult task, especially when temperatures are cold. To minimize disruptions to water delivery to their customers, many municipalities like to schedule lining work in potable water storage tanks during low usage time, which coincide with colder temperatures.

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Lining Solutions for The Storage Of Biodiesel Or Renewable Feedstocks

Product Number: 51323-19459-SG

Author: Selwyn E Williams, Michael Harrison

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The most dangerous phrase in business, “We’ve always done it that way”, has never been more apt. It cannot be assumed that these linings, with proven track record in storage and processing fossil fuels, will provide the same level of asset protection in biofuels storage and biorefining processes. Likewise, the use of “generic” equivalents offers greater risks as the technology used does not define the performance.

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Linings’ Testing for High Pressure and High Temperature Operations

Product Number: 41215-902-SG

Author: Yasir Idlibi, Jason Hartt

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

Of the most severe operations in the oil and gas industry are operations under high pressure and high temperatures where pressures and temperatures exceed 1000 psi and 212°F (100°C). Such operations may contain a variety of chemical constituents such as CO2 and H2S gases, hydrocarbons, and water. To address corrosion issues, materials engineers look into either upgrading to expensive alloys or use protective coatings.

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Liquid Applied Insulation Coatings: From the Lab to the Field

Product Number: 51217-029-SG

Author: Nicole Bowman, Remi Briand, Jeremy Ethington

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Waterborne coatings are safer to use than their traditional solvent borne counterparts and can reduce environmental impacts. As the market share for waterborne coatings has grown, there has been increased focus on their performance. Simultaneously, the building industry has been challenging coatings manufacturers to provide functional coatings. No longer are aesthetics, corrosion prevention and protection enough; a coating can and should provide multiple benefits to the user. One of the fastest growing segments of the functional waterborne coatings market is liquid applied insulation coatings.

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Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) Study of a Zinc Rich Primer Applied Steel Vessel Plate and Galvanized Steel Plate at Elevated Temperature

Product Number: 51324-20622-SG

Author: Suresh Divi; Sri Krishna Chimbli

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Zinc-rich primer-coated or galvanized ASME SA-516 Grade 70 carbon steel vessels are commonly used in the chemical industry and refineries. Similar to galvanizing, zinc-rich primer coatings are used to protect steel surfaces from corrosion. It is one of the more effective means of sealing critical equipment from moisture, protecting it from corrosion. However, during weld repairs and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) these vessels experience high temperatures (1000-1300oF) and could be susceptible to liquid metal embrittlement (LME). LME of carbon steel and stainless steels due to molten zinc exposure has been known for many years. LME manifests itself by a reduction of the ductility of the substrate metal due to contact with liquid metal which results in brittle failure of an otherwise ductile material. A plate from one of such vessels with zinc primer coating and another one with a galvanized coating (ASME SA-516 Garde 70) were exposed to high temperatures under applied mechanical stress to study the potential for LME. The laboratory study results showed LME of the galvanized steel plate but no LME on the vessel plate with zinc primer coating. It is believed that the presence of an iron oxide interface layer between the primer and the substate prevented LME.

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Liquid Metal Embrittlement in the Refining Industry – Case Histories and Common Prevention Practices

Product Number: 51323-18903-SG

Author: Cathleen Shargay, Shahab Soltaninia, Diana Basheva

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) phenomenon occurs when the certain molten metals wet the specific alloys, causing drastic ductility reduction that normally is associated with the formation of an intergranular crack that is sudden and brittle in nature. High tensile stress is also known to promote cracking; however, cracks may develop merely by contacting molten metal with a susceptible alloy as there is only a small amount of low-melting-point metal required to cause LME.

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Liquid Versus Fixed Bed H2S Scavengers, Working In Harmony Or Against Each Other

Product Number: 51321-16815-SG

Author: Sooi Kim Lim; Alyn jenkins; Kristina Barbuto; Michael Crawshaw; William Brundick; Michael Juncker

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Local Hard Zones On TMCP Large Diameter Line Pipes: What Do We Know?

Product Number: 51322-17565-SG

Author: Hervé Marchebois, Bruce Cowe, Thierry Cassagne

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The current paper deals with a thorough analysis of these newly recognized LHZ with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) investigations through the wall thickness of pipes. Internal diameter (ID) surface, intermediate zone and bulk metal microstructures showed an increase of a strong misorientation while approaching the ID. Thus, LHZ is characterized by the presence of lath and especially lower bainite type microstructures associated to high local hardness above the NACE MR 0175 / ISO 15156 limits for sour service applications.

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Localized and Generalized Corrosion Evaluation of S13CR in Shale Oil & Gas Production Conditions

Product Number: 51324-21106-SG

Author: Merlin C. E. Bandeira; Felipe S. Assunção; Pedro Filgueiras; Kevin Schleiss; Rogaciano M. Moreira

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

To understand the performance of S13CR on shale gas field, the ability of oxide layer to repassivate on erosion environment was investigated by means of electrochemical and rotating cage tests at 300 bar of total pressure with 10 bar of CO2, 1.2 mbar of H2S partial pressure with balance of nitrogen; sand particles concentration of 50g/L, 26% NaCl, stir velocity of 1,000 RPM and temperature of 115°C. Based on the results, it was observed stable potential (LPR) under erosion condition (with sand) when compared to reference test (without sand). Despite the huge amount of sand and the high rotation speed of the cage, the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization of S13CR on erosion test is quite similar to the reference test. Localized corrosion induced by erosional attack, investigated by RC tests, was not observed and the corrosion rate were similar in both conditions. Laboratory test results corroborate field caliper inspection after 12 months in service where the highest penetration was 9% of wall thickness, therefore below the API 5CRA recommendation of 12.5%. The penetration rates of laboratory test and field inspection were 0.2 and 0.5 mm/y, respectively.

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Localized Corrosion Behavior of Ferritic and Austenitic Passive Materials

Product Number: 51317--9042-SG

ISBN: 9042 2017 CP

Author: Raul Rebak

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper shows results comparing the localized corrosion resistance of seven martensitic, ferritic and austenitic stainless steels in deaerated 10,000 ppm Cl- solution at ambient temperature.

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Localized Corrosion Behavior of Lean Duplex Stainless Steels in Chloride Containing Synthetic Tap Water

Product Number: 51319-13280-SG

Author: Sang Won Cho

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Duplex stainless steel (DSS) is a material in the issue as it’s very excellent in corrosion resistance mechanical properties weldability in various environments as compared with common materials. Due to these characteristics DSS is applied to various industries such as petrochemical facilities offshore structures power plants etc. However since duplex stainless steel is expensive it has a limitation that it is difficult to apply it to equipment that needs to be replaced periodically. Compared to DSS lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) has good formability and corrosion resistance while the reduced content of nickel molybdenum is superior in terms of economics. Therefore LDSS can be economically efficiently maintained and managed by applying it to equipment requiring periodic replacement such as a plate or a tube of a heat exchanger.At present in the district heating system a plate heat exchangers of austenitic SS material are installed and it is always exposed to chloride containing environments. Generally failures of the plate heat exchanger are occurred by the tap water of user side and it is mainly broken due to crevice induced corrosion cracking between the gasket and the heat exchanger pitting etc. As a result researches on localized corrosion of austenitic SS and DSS are actively underway in chloride containing environments. Whereas there are few researches on the localized corrosion behavior of LDSS in these environments. Therefore in this study we would like to evaluate the localized corrosion behavior of LDSS in the chloride containing synthetic tap water at 60 ℃ which is the operating condition of plate heat exchanger for district heating system.

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Localized Corrosion Limit of Use of S13%Cr (UNS S41427) Connector in Converted Injection Treated Seawater Well

Product Number: 51324-20714-SG

Author: Nicolas Larché; Marianne Kleive; Charles Leballeur; Eva Malmanger

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Many systems can be converted and used for different applications not initially planned. This is the case for production wells, sometimes converted into water injection wells and for which the production tubing material selection is clearly not adapted for prolonged contact with natural seawater. Oxygen removal treatment must be applied but precise control is not obvious and excursions above zero or close-to-zero oxygen can occur. The production tubing material S13%Cr are known to be sensitive to dissolved oxygen excursions in seawater, but data from the literature cannot precisely help in defining the allowed limits of use. Exploring the possibility to convert a production well into a treated seawater injection well then requires a careful assessment of the corrosion resistance limits of the involved alloys. A series of corrosion tests in treated seawater were designed to assess the limits of use of fast connector made of alloy UNS S41427. The corrosion tests were performed both at laboratory scale and on full-scale fast connectors in a treated seawater flow loops simulating service conditions. For all the performed tests, maintaining the dissolved oxygen content (DOC) at 15 ppb and below never led to localized corrosion and has been considered as a safe condition in terms of corrosion risk for alloy S41427 at ambient temperature. It was found that prolonged dissolved oxygen content (DOC) above 30±10 ppb may lead to initial crevice corrosion after only 4 h of exposure. Globally, a very good correlation between the laboratory and the full-scale test results was found. The critical crevice potential for alloy S41427 was significantly affected by the cleaning process of the tested coupons, while the stop of the corrosion was always measured for potentials reached at DOC < 10 ppb. The proposed methodology, involving both laboratory and full-scale tests, allowed to precisely quantify the limits of use of UNS S41427 in treated injection well. It could be used for any other material and applications to help at designing adapted and reliable engineering diagrams for material selections.

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Individual Conference Papers

Lining Concrete Ground Storage Tanks in Cold Weather: How New Coating Technology can Reduce Issues Related to Solvent Entrapment and Amine Blush

Lining Solutions for The Storage Of Biodiesel Or Renewable Feedstocks

Linings’ Testing for High Pressure and High Temperature Operations

Liquid Applied Insulation Coatings: From the Lab to the Field

Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) Study of a Zinc Rich Primer Applied Steel Vessel Plate and Galvanized Steel Plate at Elevated Temperature

Liquid Metal Embrittlement in the Refining Industry – Case Histories and Common Prevention Practices

Liquid Versus Fixed Bed H2S Scavengers, Working In Harmony Or Against Each Other

Local Hard Zones On TMCP Large Diameter Line Pipes: What Do We Know?

Localized and Generalized Corrosion Evaluation of S13CR in Shale Oil & Gas Production Conditions

Localized Corrosion Behavior of Ferritic and Austenitic Passive Materials

Localized Corrosion Behavior of Lean Duplex Stainless Steels in Chloride Containing Synthetic Tap Water

Localized Corrosion Limit of Use of S13%Cr (UNS S41427) Connector in Converted Injection Treated Seawater Well

Association for Materials Protection and Performance