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Picture for The 1000´S Of Microbial Genera Found In Argentina´S O&G Fields: Their Impact On Microbially Induced Corrosion And Integrity Of Facilities
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The 1000´S Of Microbial Genera Found In Argentina´S O&G Fields: Their Impact On Microbially Induced Corrosion And Integrity Of Facilities

Product Number: 51321-16754-SG
Author: Walter A. Vargas; Juliana Soler Arango; María Clara Pagliaricci; Albert Saavedra; Walter Morris
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for The API RP 14E Erosional Velocity Equation: Origin Application Misuse Limitation and Alternative
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The API RP 14E Erosional Velocity Equation: Origin Application Misuse Limitation and Alternative

Product Number: 51319-13206-SG
Author: Fazlollah Madani Sani
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Erosion of mild steel lines and equipment during the production of hydrocarbons from underground reservoirs is a complex and not fully quantitatively understood phenomenon becoming even more intricate when electrochemical corrosion is included. Oil and gas companies have always tried to account for this phenomenon with simple models. Over the last 40 years the American Petroleum Institute recommended practice 14E (API RP 14E) erosional velocity equation has been used by many operators to estimate safe production velocities in erosive-corrosive service. The widespread use of API RP 14E is a result of it being simple to apply and requiring little in the way of inputs. However there is very little scientific backing for this approach. The API RP 14E erosional velocity equation is often quoted to be overly conservative and to unjustifiably restrict the production rate or overestimate required pipe sizes.The present workprovides a review of literature on the origin of the API RP 14E erosional velocity equation its limitations misuses applications and known alternatives. This review suggests that a proper erosion model would provide a better description for the vast majority of conditions in oil and gas production systems to determine the safe operating velocity while maintaining a maximum production capacity and using cheaper materials or smaller diameter pipelines. However these models are more complex and are therefore not as widely applied. Overall there are currently no simple and readily available alternative formulae for calculating the erosional velocity and resort in many cases is a semi-empirical approach that includes operational experience.Keywords:erosion API RP 14E erosional velocity erosive-corrosive service operational experience