AMPP Store - Conference Papers

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Test Method for Coatings under Thermal Insulation

Product Number: 51314-4193-SG

ISBN: 4193 2014 CP

Author: Ole Knudsen

Publication Date: 2014

$0.00

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Test Protocol for Assessing the Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of Low Alloyed Steels in High Temperature High Pressure Sour Environments

Product Number: 51320-14588-SG

Author: Florian Thebault, Jonathas Oliveira, Julien Millet

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

High Pressure and High Temperature wells are very critical and require special attention to avoid well integrity issues. High pressure requests the use of very high strength low alloyed steels, above 965 MPa (140 ksi), while even trace of hydrogen sulfide implies significant partial pressures of H2S, much higher than the limit of 0.05 psi (3.5 mbar) provided by NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 standard. Consequently, and despite a high temperature that reduces the risk of cracking, it is crucial to assess the resistance to Sulfide Stress Cracking of materials. However low alloyed steels experience high corrosion rates when exposed to standardized test solutions at elevated temperatures, leading to difficulties of controlling the mechanical stress loading, with a load rising in NACE TM0177 Method A and declining in four-points bending test. In addition, close attention shall be paid to both the evolution of the mechanical properties of the materials with the temperature and the appropriate sequence of sour gas introduction with regards to the temperature control. This paper discusses the most appropriate testing protocol for overcoming these issues and provides experimental results obtained in the frame of the qualification of 965 MPa (140 ksi) controlled yield grade for HPHT applications.

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Testing Adhesion of Coatings on Concrete Using ASTM D7234

Product Number: 41215-895-SG

Author: Frederick Gelfant

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

ASTM D7234 was first published in 2005, and updated in 2012 with precision statistics. This paper will go into the history of the development of the test method, the procedure and interpretation details that are critical to using and applying this standard along with a discussion of the factors that affect the precision of this method.

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Testing Heavily Cold Formed 22Cr Duplex Stainless Steel Exposed to Liquid Mercury to Assess Liquid Metal Embrittlement Susceptibility

Product Number: 51324-20319-SG

Author: William Kovacs; Kristian Eriksen; Bjørn-Andreas Hugaas; Stian Hauger

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Existing literature suggests that while 22Cr may not be susceptible to Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) when exposed to mercury at typical engineering strains, heavily cold formed 22Cr materials may be susceptible. The LME susceptibility from mercury of cold formed UNS S31803 was tested using four-point bend, slow strain rate, and interrupted slow strain rate techniques, simulating a range of strains from primarily elastic deformation of as-produced / as-welded pipe to high plastic deformation of cold formed pipe. Specimens were selected from the base metal, the weld metal / heat affected zone, and from pre-strained material simulating cold forming. The testing was conducted in the presence of mercury (only) at both ambient temperature and 40 °C. The passive film was intentionally disrupted by scratching at the initiation of the tests. The results of this testing did not indicate evidence of LME for any of the material / environment conditions tested.

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Testing Inspection and Rehabilitation of Large Diameter Offshore Cast Iron Pipes in San Francisco Bay

Product Number: 51319-12832-SG

Author: Mohammed Ali

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Four 48-inch diameter cast iron outfall pipelines were inspected and rehabilitated in the San Francisco Bay. The inspections included internal and external inspections pipe structural supports and the ductile iron diffusers. Visual and ultrasonic inspections were conducted on the pipe exterior. Internal inspection was conducted by divers.Rehabilitation included removal of the lining and relining of the pipe and cathodic protection of the pipe external surfaces.The case study describes the testing and inspection procedures utilized and challenges faced during ultrasonic thickness measurements of old cast iron pipe cleaning & lining of pipe and deployment of galvanic anode sleds in seawater.

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Testing Moisture Content in Concrete Subfloors Prior to Installing Floor Coatings

Product Number: 41207-369-SG

Author: Dennis J. Pinelle

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

We have seen a number of concrete floor finish failures caused by moisture attack from the concrete substrate. In many instances, moisture tests were conducted prior to installing the floor covering/finish to assess the moisture content of the concrete substrate. The results of the tests suggested the concrete was dry enough to install the flooring, but failure was induced by moisture in the floor assemble.

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Testing Moisture Content in Concrete Subfloors Prior to Installing Floor Coatings

Product Number: 41208-445-SG

Author: Dennis J. Pinelle

Publication Date: 2008

$20.00

This paper provides a description of the calcium chloride and relative humidity test procedures, the significance of the results, tips on interpreting the results, and the limitations of the test methods. We also present some of the other techniques used to measure moisture in concrete floor slabs, that are not as popular as the calcium chloride and relative humidity tests.

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Testing of a Low-Power Wireless Sensor Network of Conductivity Probes to Detect Corrosive Fluids in Pipelines

Product Number: 51321-16380-SG

Author: Matthew Cullin/Raghu Srinivasan/Todd Petersen/Christina Forbes

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Testing of Coatings for Shielding of Cathodic Protection Currents

Product Number: 51220-235-SG

Author: Ben Bussard

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

When a coating disbonds from a structure and prevents cathodic protection (CP) from reaching the metal surface, this is known as “shielding” behavior by the coating. Shielding is a serious issue that has been a contributing cause for several pipeline failures, and expensive replacement programs. There are many factors (Soil resistance, holidays, coating resistance, etc.) that determine whether the coating will behave this way. Federal regulations for transmission gas pipelines require the use of a non-shielding coating.

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Testing of Large-Diameter Pipe Material for Resistance to SOHIC in the New Twist and Bend Test

Product Number: 51319-12972-SG

Author: Thomas Haase

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Stress Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking (SOHIC) is recognized as an individual cracking mechanism in NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2. SOHIC occurrence is rare and the mechanism not fully understood but thought to be restricted to carbon and low-alloy steels with low strength and low hardness. Several SOHIC resistance test methods have been reported but none of the test methods is currently standardized. The newly developed “twist and bend” test is currently under standardization in NACE TG 536.Within this work SOHIC resistance tests using the “twist and bend” test method were performed on SAWL large-diameter pipes of grades X52 and X65. All relevant sampling positions (base material heat-affected zone longitudinal weld) were investigated and the results were compared to standard four-point bend SSC tests without additional twist. A new test geometry using reduced specimen dimensions that allows testing of smaller specimens for weld regions has also been developed.The SOHIC performance is discussed based on grade microstructure and hardness of the investigated pipe materials. The investigated SAWL large-diameter pipes revealed excellent SOHIC resistance.

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Testing of Pipeline Coatings for Cold Temperature Applications

Product Number: 51319-12829-SG

Author: Jiajun Liang

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

This paper describes independent testing to assess the curing characteristics and fitness-for-service of liquid-applied oil and gas pipeline coatings applied at low temperatures. The curing rates and time to cure to a “back-fill” ready condition at various temperatures were determined for eleven coating products using differential scanning colorimetry (DSC). These curing schedules were compared to those provided by the manufacturers.Selected coating products were applied to blast cleaned steel in simulated winter field conditions. Steel substrate and air temperatures were maintained at 0 °C during application curing and measurement of durometer hardness impact flexibility and adhesion. The cold temperature cured coating samples were then tested in accordance with the laboratory methods specified in CSA Z25.30 Table 1. Based on the test results it was concluded that the selected products were suitable for maintenance application to excavated oil and gas pipelines when the lines are operating at temperatures as low as 0 °C.

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Tests On Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking In Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds For Dry Storage Canister Application

Product Number: ED22-17131-SG

Author: Seunghyun Kim, Dong-Jin Oh, Chang-Young Oh, Gidong Kim, and Sang Woo Song

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) is a degradation phenomenon hindering structural integrity of a dry storage canister for interim storage of spent nuclear fuel. Owing to materials susceptibility, residual stress and corrosive environments, pitting corrosion and evolution of CISCC occur. Previous workers on CISCC have figured out that austenitic stainless steels is susceptible to CISCC due to its microstructural characteristics. In chloride-containing media, pits are formed at the surface of austenitic stainless steels and theses pits play a role as CISCC initiation sites. However, due to its complexity, fundamental mechanism of CISCC at various temperatures and relative humidity (RH) values is still in-debate.

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Individual Conference Papers

Test Method for Coatings under Thermal Insulation

Test Protocol for Assessing the Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of Low Alloyed Steels in High Temperature High Pressure Sour Environments

Testing Adhesion of Coatings on Concrete Using ASTM D7234

Testing Heavily Cold Formed 22Cr Duplex Stainless Steel Exposed to Liquid Mercury to Assess Liquid Metal Embrittlement Susceptibility

Testing Inspection and Rehabilitation of Large Diameter Offshore Cast Iron Pipes in San Francisco Bay

Testing Moisture Content in Concrete Subfloors Prior to Installing Floor Coatings

Testing Moisture Content in Concrete Subfloors Prior to Installing Floor Coatings

Testing of a Low-Power Wireless Sensor Network of Conductivity Probes to Detect Corrosive Fluids in Pipelines

Testing of Coatings for Shielding of Cathodic Protection Currents

Testing of Large-Diameter Pipe Material for Resistance to SOHIC in the New Twist and Bend Test

Testing of Pipeline Coatings for Cold Temperature Applications

Tests On Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking In Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds For Dry Storage Canister Application

Association for Materials Protection and Performance