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A Review of the Effect of High-Pressure Hydrogen on Crack Growth of Pipeline Steels and an Assessment of their Suitability for Hydrogen Transportation Purpose

Product Number: 51324-21016-SG

Author: Shigekazu Miyashita; Shunji Kataoka

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The mechanical properties of piping materials in gaseous hydrogen environments are still a complex subject, although steel pipelines have been a major means of transporting gaseous hydrogen for decades. An assessment of the material performance in gaseous hydrogen environments is necessary for safe and reliable pipeline design and operation, not only for existing pipelines but also for new pipelines needed to accommodate future consumption demands. Since the materials for hydrogen pipelines are usually subjected to the repeated loading of pressure fluctuations, fatigue crack growth in steels in gaseous hydrogen is of paramount concern. In this paper, the current understanding of the effects of hydrogen on fatigue crack growth are reviewed. In particular, the effects of various parameters, such as steel grade, loading frequency, stress ratio, and hydrogen partial pressure are discussed in detail. Moreover, fatigue crack growth analyses in hypothetical hydrogen pipelines using a fatigue crack growth model developed by the Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers (IGEM) are presented. These analyses are used to assess the applicability of conventional pipeline steels, and their results indicate certain technical challenges for the industry.

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A Right Way To Calculate Pipe CP Potential Attenuation

Product Number: 51322-17599-SG

Author: John Yang, Jiulong Liang

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Shown on Figure 1 is a typical impressed current CP diagram. When the rectifier is first turned on, i.e. time t=0, there is no polarization yet. At that moment, the applied DC voltage is fully consumed by IR drops at anode (IRa0) and cathode (IRc0), plus original potential difference between anode and pipe (Eoca- Eocc). When t=0, the current is at the greatest value. Over time when polarization kicks in, due to adding polarization resistance, the current is gradually reduced.

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A Road Map For Innovation In Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) In The Gas Pipeline

Product Number: 51322-18204-SG

Author: America A. Padilla-Viveros, Rigoberto Arroyo-Cortez

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

A recent review provided an overview of current microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) research. It established that despite extensive study and numerous publications, fundamental questions relating to MIC remain unanswered and stress the lack of information associated with MIC recognition, prediction, and mitigation (Little et al., 2020). On the other hand, bibliometric analysis on the MIC of engineering systems conducted a knowledge gap analysis to focus research efforts and to develop a roadmap for MIC research (Hashemi et al., 2018).

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A Semi-Empirical Model for the Prediction of Localized Corrosion of Titanium Alloys in Geothermal Energy Systems

Product Number: 51323-19075-SG

Author: Fazlollah Madani Sani, Deepti Ballal, Andre Anderko

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Given the need to end our dependence on fossil fuels and invest in alternative sources of energy that are clean, accessible, affordable, sustainable, and reliable, geothermal energy can be a promising choice as a prominent source of energy. Geothermal energy systems are an established renewable energy resource with a long history of adaptable, reliable baseload generation. Conventional geothermal energy systems (GES) in the Western USA can provide almost 30 gigawatt electricity (GWe) of baseload.

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A Study of Pipeline Integrity Management in Oil and Gas Production Facilities of Arabian Gulf Oil Company through Corrosion Management

Product Number: MECC23-19898-SG

Author: Iftikhar Ahmad

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The primary objective of pipeline integrity management (PIM) is to maintain pipelines in a fit-for-service condition while extending their remaining life in the safe, most reliable and cost effective manner. The effective and successful life cycle pipeline integrity management is based on following aspects: (a) feasibility, (b) design, (c) procurement, (d) fabrication, (e) modification, (f) transportation and storage, (g) pre-commissioning and commissioning, (h) handover, (i) operation and maintenance, (j) suspension/abandonment. The requirements and recommendations of the management of integrity of a pipeline throughout its life cycle are given in the documents published by ISO organization.

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A Study of the Compatibility of Carbon Steel for MEG Reclaiming Systems: Impact of pH Adjustment

Product Number: 51323-19467-SG

Author: J. Kittel, F. Grosjean, G.R. Joshi, G. Parer, F. Quinio, JC Brevot

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) is often injected in offshore gas transport lines to prevent the formation of gas hydrates (crystalline solids comprised of water and gas that form at low temperatures). Glycol is one of the most effective products for this purpose and acts to further lower the temperature at which hydrates would normally form. As such, it is called a thermodynamic inhibitor.

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A Study Of The Depolarization Phenomena In Soils And Remanence Of Corrosion Protection After CP Interruption

Product Number: 51322-17649-SG

Author: Clémence Rogier, David Sellam, Tiphaine Lutzler, Laurent Henry, Ahmed Fakhry, Yves Zannier, Elisabeth Fleury, François Castillon

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Oil and gas buried pipelines are protected against corrosion by both organic coatings, a passive protection system, and cathodic protection, an active protection system. When coating defects occur, CP controls the corrosion of the exposed steel surface. From an operating point of view, cathodic protection interruptions can occur on the network during interventions, consignments, or technical problems. Literature indicates that during CP interruption the corrosion rate of the metal remains lower than its free corrosion rate. Application of CP confers a remanence of protection to the metal. The objective of this study is to determine the safe duration for cathodic protection interruptions depending on environmental and cathodic protection conditions.

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A Study of Various Parameters Affecting the Performance of Liquid-Applied Epoxy Pipeline Coatings

Product Number: 51323-19474-SG

Author: Shan Rao, Haralampos Tsaprailis, Jiajun Liang

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Protective coatings provide the primary defense against corrosion of pipelines. Adhesion is one of the most crucial properties for coatings to function properly and support successful long-term integrity. If the bond between the coating and substrate is weak or deteriorates, the coating ceases to be attached to the substrate, and the coating loses its effectiveness and eventually fails.

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A Study on Tensile Characteristics (SSRT) of Pipeline Material (API 5L X52) Under High Pressure Hydrogen Environment

Product Number: 51323-19228-SG

Author: Won Jung Kim, Hyung Goun Joo, Chang Nam You, Hyeong Sub Kim

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Recently, Countries around the world are taking steps to reduce carbon, which is considered a major cause of environmental pollution and the hydrogen market, an eco-friendly energy, is growing rapidly. Major countries such as the United States, Japan and the European Union (EU) are strengthening policies for the use of hydrogen energy and hydrogen-related projects in various fields, from materials to chemistry, energy and mobility, are being actively carried out. In order to use hydrogen energy, it is the most efficient and currently the most reasonable method to transport the produced hydrogen as high-pressure gas through a pipeline.

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A Study on the Effect of Surface Profile on Pull-off Adhesion Strength Value of Organic Coatings

Product Number: 51323-19225-SG

Author: Srikanth Kambhampati, Qing Cao, Varun Ghodkay, Hanan Farhat, Thunyaluk Pojtanabuntoeng

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Coatings have been used as a primary method to protect the substrate underneath from corrosion in various geographical environments. A diverse range of generic coating types are available to protect the metals in different corrosive environments. Selection of the right coating for a specific metallic substrate at given operating conditions and environment is key to avoiding any premature failures of coating.

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A Test Procedure To Evaluate ERW/HFW Pipe Seam Susceptibility To Embrittlement

Product Number: 51323-19135-SG

Author: Saad M. Al-Muaili, Mohammed A. Al-Anezi

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

HFW pipes is considered a cost-effective pipe option for oil and gas pipeline projects. The HFW seam performance is always a concern, especially in challenging environments such as low temperature applications and wet sour services. One of the challenges include the seam properties to resist sulfide stress cracking (SSC) or hydrogen embrittlement (HE) when exposed to hydrogen charging environment such as a wet sour service.

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A Theoretical Investigation On The Role Of Microstructural Particularities On The Hydrogen Embrittlement Of Nickel Alloys

Product Number: 51322-17718-SG

Author: Julia Botinha, Bodo Gehrmann, Helena Alves

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Precipitation hardened (PH) nickel alloys have been broadly used in various applications in the oil and gas industry thanks to its high strengths and outstanding corrosion resistance in several aggressive environments. Alloy 718 (UNS¹ N07718), Alloy 925 (UNS N09925), Alloy K-500 (UNS N05500), Alloy 725 (UNS N07725), and others are among the most used PH nickel alloys in the oil and gas industry. Despite of their known high corrosion properties, hydrogen embrittlement is one common failure reported by the industry for this class of alloys.

AMPP Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance