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98274 ROLES OF H2S IN THE BEHAVIOR OF ENGINEERING ALLOYS: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND EXPERIENCE

Picture for 98274 ROLES OF HzS IN THE BEHAVIOR OF ENGINEERING
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Product Number: 51300-98274-SG
ISBN: 98274 1998 CP
Author: R.D. Kane, M.S. Cayard
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has long been associated with the cause of corrosion damage and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) in high strength steels and high hardness weldments used in oil and gas production, petroleum refining, and petrochemical/chemical processing. Other applications where sulfide species have produced environmental cracking include heavy water production, electric power, marine applications and many others where sulfate reducing bacteria can flourish and oftentimes produce substantial amounts of H2S. H2S has also been associated with internal blistering, hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking (SOHIC) of carbon steels used in refinery vessels in wet H2S service and pipelines containing sour (H2S-containing) fluids. In recent years, new stainless alloys have been implemented in lieu of conventional steels in many applications where H2S corrosion is particularly severe. These materials have been used along with chemical inhibitors to mitigate corrosion. These alloys, however, may in some cases also be susceptible to SSC, localized corrosion and anodic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in sour environments. In this review, the behavior of carbon and low-alloy steels, stainless steels, and nickel alloys in sour environments is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the identification of the various types of H2S-related corrosion and environmental cracking that can occur, the origin and mechanisms, and the methods of control. Keywords: sulfide stress cracking, SSC, hydrogen induced cracking, HIC, stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking, SOHIC, steel, stainless steel, nickel base alloy
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has long been associated with the cause of corrosion damage and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) in high strength steels and high hardness weldments used in oil and gas production, petroleum refining, and petrochemical/chemical processing. Other applications where sulfide species have produced environmental cracking include heavy water production, electric power, marine applications and many others where sulfate reducing bacteria can flourish and oftentimes produce substantial amounts of H2S. H2S has also been associated with internal blistering, hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking (SOHIC) of carbon steels used in refinery vessels in wet H2S service and pipelines containing sour (H2S-containing) fluids. In recent years, new stainless alloys have been implemented in lieu of conventional steels in many applications where H2S corrosion is particularly severe. These materials have been used along with chemical inhibitors to mitigate corrosion. These alloys, however, may in some cases also be susceptible to SSC, localized corrosion and anodic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in sour environments. In this review, the behavior of carbon and low-alloy steels, stainless steels, and nickel alloys in sour environments is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the identification of the various types of H2S-related corrosion and environmental cracking that can occur, the origin and mechanisms, and the methods of control. Keywords: sulfide stress cracking, SSC, hydrogen induced cracking, HIC, stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking, SOHIC, steel, stainless steel, nickel base alloy
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