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96596 CHARACTERIZATION OF EQUIPMENT DEFECTS AND IN-SERVICE DAMAGE USING NON DESTRUCTIVE MATERIAL EVALUATION TOOLS AND INSPECTION TECHNIQUES

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Product Number: 51300-96596-SG
ISBN: 96596 1996 CP
Author: R. R. Valbuena L. C. Kaley
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The increasing regulatory requirements in a competitive market in the process industry are forcing plants to use their inspection and maintenance budgets more efficiently. Several approaches are available for inspection prioritization of plant equipment. In addition, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are available for detection, quantification, and characterization of equipment damage using internal and/or external access. All of these methods; however, require knowledge of degradation mechanisms and where they occur in the plant, as well as the methods available for detection and characterization of damage. By using the available internal and external inspection techniques, fabrication related defects were distinguished from service induced damage mechanisms in 119 refinery pressure vessels in wet H2S and other services. When the indications were characterized as fabrication related or cracking in an inactive stage, considerable savings were made by avoiding unnecessary vessel entries, eliminating the need for weld repairs, or even reducing the extent of magnetic particle testing in a vessel. A summary of case histories will be presented. Keywords: fabrication related defects, serviceinduced damage, field metallographic replication, microhardness measurements, wet fluorescent magnetic particle testing, acoustic emission, manual ultrasonic testing, automated ultrasonic testing, Wet H2S damage
The increasing regulatory requirements in a competitive market in the process industry are forcing plants to use their inspection and maintenance budgets more efficiently. Several approaches are available for inspection prioritization of plant equipment. In addition, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are available for detection, quantification, and characterization of equipment damage using internal and/or external access. All of these methods; however, require knowledge of degradation mechanisms and where they occur in the plant, as well as the methods available for detection and characterization of damage. By using the available internal and external inspection techniques, fabrication related defects were distinguished from service induced damage mechanisms in 119 refinery pressure vessels in wet H2S and other services. When the indications were characterized as fabrication related or cracking in an inactive stage, considerable savings were made by avoiding unnecessary vessel entries, eliminating the need for weld repairs, or even reducing the extent of magnetic particle testing in a vessel. A summary of case histories will be presented. Keywords: fabrication related defects, serviceinduced damage, field metallographic replication, microhardness measurements, wet fluorescent magnetic particle testing, acoustic emission, manual ultrasonic testing, automated ultrasonic testing, Wet H2S damage
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96598 EFFECT OF AXIALLITY OF STRESS STATE ON HYDROGEN CRACKING KINETICS IN METALS- TROIANO REVISITED

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00615 INSPECTION AND INTERPRETATION USING JOINT STANDARD NACE NO. 5/SSPC SP-12
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Product Number: 51300-00615-SG
ISBN: 00615 2000 CP
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Conference Paper - This paper describes the requirements of the standard, additional inspection points, and several uses of the standard in the field where clear specification language was imperative to successful project completion. NACE 5/SSPC-SP 12 standard confined to water jetting - which makes use of ultra-high pressure water that is nonabrasive.  Four levels of visible post-cleaning condition and three levels of non-visible condition are defined.
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01428 INSPECTION OF HOT DIP GALVANIZED ARTICLES

Product Number: 51300-01428-SG
ISBN: 01428 2001 CP
Author: Thomas J. Langill
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Hot dip galvanizing steel articles after fabrication is one of the most widely used methods to provide corrosion protection. As a final step in the process, the hot dip galvanized coating is inspected for compliance with specifications. Correct measurement techniques and accurate interpretation of the results are necessary to provide an acceptable hot dip galvanized coating.
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