In order to confirm Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC), it is essential to document the
presence of potentially involved microorganisms. However, the total number of bacteria
present in a biofilm is seldom estimated because it contains a large bacterial population in
addition to the fact that viable but non-cultivable (VNC) cells cannot be recovered by traditional
enumeration technique such as the spread plate and the multiple tube methods. A spectrum of
alternative methodological approaches is now either under development or available to detect
and quantify sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) or their activities in laboratories and
environmental studies. A variety of microscopic methods have been successfully adapted to
such studies including bright-field microcopy and more recently, epifluorescence and confocal
laser microscopy, which are more sensitive but also more expensive and require a degree of
expertise not normally encountered outside the specialist laboratory. In this work, total count,
viable and VNC SRB were counted using traditional microbiological culture-based techniques
and epifluorescence microscopy with special fluorescent dyes for both dead and live bacteria,
in order to find a correlation between these methods potentially useful for industrial purposes.