The Battleship U.S.S. Arizona continues to emit fuel oil at the rate of approximately a liter per day 60 years after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941, the event which plunged the United States into World War II. In addition to fuel oil concerns, the U.S.S. Arizona is a war memorial in which over 900 men are entombed. Health and safety are also concerns relative to appropriate visitor use. The National Park Service, the Arizona Memorial Association and the U.S. Navy conducted an initial study of the extent of deterioration of the hull and interior of the sunken battleship between 1983 and 1989. A follow up to this study was initiated in 1998 as a partnership between the National Park Service and the University of Nebraska - Lincoln Metallurgical Engineering Group. A metallurgical analysis Of structural steels used in its construction in 1914 and later modification in 1929 was completed in 1999. Corrosion potential and pH measurements were obtained as a function of hard biofoul (concretion) thickness and water depth in .September 2000 and follow-up measurements and hull sampling were obtained in 2001. Results to date indicate pH values near four at the metal/concretion interface increasing to approximately eight at the concretion/sea water interface. Typical Ecorr values near -600 mv (Ag/AgCl) at the
metal/concretion interface increase to -570 mv at the concretion/water interface. Analysis suggests a dynamic and fluctuating corrosion process limited by either hydrogen discharge or oxygen diffusion through the concretion depending on the thickness of the concretion at a specific locality on the hull. An assessment of the role of microbial induced corrosion is in progress.