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00121 9,10-ANTHRAQUINONE APPLICATIONS TO CONTROL BIOGENIC PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN THE NEAR WELLBORE FORMATION IN GAS STORAGE FIELDS

Picture for 00121 9,10-ANTHRAQUINONE APPLICATIONS TO CONTROL
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Product Number: 51300-00121-SG
ISBN: 00121 2000 CP
Author: Michael L. Harless, Mingdong Yuan, and Jennifer K. Cowan
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Biogenic production of hydrogen sulfide in gas storage reservoirs is increasing as storage fields age). Attempts to mitigate this phenomenon have been primarily limited to treatment of the injected gas with organic biocides or periodic downhole treatments with organic biocides ). These treatment attempts have resulted in only limited success at decreasing the rate of reservoir souring). 9,10-anthraquinone (anthraquinone) has been shown to inhibit biogenic production of sulfides in oilfield water systems for extended periods of time 13). Anthraquinone functions as a sulfide inhibitor by forming insoluble, sub-micron sized particles that become incorporated into the biofilm. Subsequent to incorporation into the biofilm, the anthraquinone is transported into the cells of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) where it blocks production of ATP and ultimately reduction of sulfate to sulfide t4). Studies to determine applicability of this chemistry for inhibition of sulfide production in gas storage fields are presented in this paper. Sulfide inhibition studies were conducted in formation material to determine if anthraquinone was capable of inhibiting biogenic sulfide production in a high surface area environment. Positive results from the sulfide inhibition studies required that sandpack flood and core flood experiments be conducted to verify that anthraquinone could be safely squeezed into a gas storage field formation. Anthraquinone is soluble in high pH water in anaerobic conditions. However, in the presence of oxygen or neutral pH, anthraquinone will form colloidal particles. The sandpack and core flood experiments demonstrate that anthraquinone may be applied by squeeze techniques into the formation material with acceptable loss of injectivity. Appropriate squeeze designs for field trials in gas storage fields were developed using data from this study.
Biogenic production of hydrogen sulfide in gas storage reservoirs is increasing as storage fields age). Attempts to mitigate this phenomenon have been primarily limited to treatment of the injected gas with organic biocides or periodic downhole treatments with organic biocides ). These treatment attempts have resulted in only limited success at decreasing the rate of reservoir souring). 9,10-anthraquinone (anthraquinone) has been shown to inhibit biogenic production of sulfides in oilfield water systems for extended periods of time 13). Anthraquinone functions as a sulfide inhibitor by forming insoluble, sub-micron sized particles that become incorporated into the biofilm. Subsequent to incorporation into the biofilm, the anthraquinone is transported into the cells of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) where it blocks production of ATP and ultimately reduction of sulfate to sulfide t4). Studies to determine applicability of this chemistry for inhibition of sulfide production in gas storage fields are presented in this paper. Sulfide inhibition studies were conducted in formation material to determine if anthraquinone was capable of inhibiting biogenic sulfide production in a high surface area environment. Positive results from the sulfide inhibition studies required that sandpack flood and core flood experiments be conducted to verify that anthraquinone could be safely squeezed into a gas storage field formation. Anthraquinone is soluble in high pH water in anaerobic conditions. However, in the presence of oxygen or neutral pH, anthraquinone will form colloidal particles. The sandpack and core flood experiments demonstrate that anthraquinone may be applied by squeeze techniques into the formation material with acceptable loss of injectivity. Appropriate squeeze designs for field trials in gas storage fields were developed using data from this study.
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