Menu
Search
Filters
Close
Menu

Why Are Glutaraldehyde/Quaternary Ammonium Biocides So Common In The Oil And Gas Industry?

Picture for Why Are Glutaraldehyde/Quaternary Ammonium Biocides So Common In The Oil And Gas Industry?
Available for download

Oil and gas operations worldwide are impacted by the presence of microorganisms. A variety of microorganisms can be found in the oilfield, dependent on the type of operation, geology, location, water source and water treatment utilized. Biocides are used in all stages of oil and gas development to control microorganisms and their detrimental impacts on production such as corrosion, biofouling, and souring. A wide number of biocides are used to control microorganisms, ranging from oxidizing biocides that react quickly but leave no residual activity, to preservatives which act slowly, but provide antimicrobial activity for weeks or months at a time. The spectrum of biocides used in oil and gas are covered by several excellent reviews and will not be detailed in this paper.

Product Number: 51322-17640-SG
Author: Ethan Solomon, Jon Raymond, Makensie Moore, Nigel Watson, Anup Rama, Nora Eibergen, Ken Wunch
Publication Date: 2022
Industries: Corrosion Monitoring and Control , Coatings
$0.00
$20.00
$20.00

Biocides are utilized in hydraulic fracturing operations to prevent or remediate biofouling, souring, and Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC). Biofouling occurs when microorganisms form biofilms on shale or proppant surfaces, thus impeding the flow of hydrocarbons. Biofilms on piping and other equipment can lead to MIC and is linked to corrosion failures estimated to cost the industry billions of dollars. Lastly, microorganisms present in fracturing fluids often produce hydrogen sulfide thereby threatening the health and safety of workers and reducing the value of hydrocarbons produced.

Glutaraldehyde (Glut) and quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) are the two most common non-oxidative biocides used in hydraulic fracturing. In general, glut and QAC are added at the blender during completions to inactivate microorganisms present in water and other injected fluids. Glut and QAC are sometimes used by themselves but are most often added in combination due to the belief that a combination of the two works better than each active individually. This paper will address the strengths and limitations of both glut and QAC, their applications, and compatibility with other additives in hydraulic fracturing.

Biocides are utilized in hydraulic fracturing operations to prevent or remediate biofouling, souring, and Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC). Biofouling occurs when microorganisms form biofilms on shale or proppant surfaces, thus impeding the flow of hydrocarbons. Biofilms on piping and other equipment can lead to MIC and is linked to corrosion failures estimated to cost the industry billions of dollars. Lastly, microorganisms present in fracturing fluids often produce hydrogen sulfide thereby threatening the health and safety of workers and reducing the value of hydrocarbons produced.

Glutaraldehyde (Glut) and quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) are the two most common non-oxidative biocides used in hydraulic fracturing. In general, glut and QAC are added at the blender during completions to inactivate microorganisms present in water and other injected fluids. Glut and QAC are sometimes used by themselves but are most often added in combination due to the belief that a combination of the two works better than each active individually. This paper will address the strengths and limitations of both glut and QAC, their applications, and compatibility with other additives in hydraulic fracturing.

Product tags
Also Purchased
Picture for Wireless UT Sensors For Structural Health Monitoring & Remote Operations In A Post COVID19 World
Available for download

Wireless UT Sensors For Structural Health Monitoring & Remote Operations In A Post COVID19 World

Product Number: 51322-17523-SG
Author: Steve Strachan
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

For decades, many asset owner/operators across the O&G value chain (and other critical industry segments) of upstream, midstream, & downstream have struggled to identify the root cause of fluctuating corrosion/erosion rates due to unreliable or infrequent data during various operating intervals on their most valuable of assets. This key missing data point has forced mechanical integrity teams, corrosion engineers, inspectors, and operations to, in many cases, make the best guess or hypothesize how to operate with a limited data set of information. In almost all cases, a time-based inspection or maintenance interval is used to gauge the useful lifetime of assets based on this limited data simply because these assets couldn’t give their owners a real-time health diagnostic of how they were doing … until now.
Picture for Why Voltage Matters For High Voltage Holiday Testing On Steel
Available for download

Why Voltage Matters For High Voltage Holiday Testing On Steel

Product Number: 51322-17662-SG
Author: Cameron Walker, Vaughn O’Dea, Joshua Bell, Javier Tormes
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

A holiday is defined as a pinhole or discontinuity in a coating lining. These discontinuities are frequently very small and not readily visible and create a pathway for oxygen and an electrolyte to cause deterioration of the underlying substrate. These defects will tend to reduce the life expectancy of a coating in service, particularly if the service is to include immersion, such as the lining of a tank or a pipe.
Picture for Well Casing Cathodic Performance Review - Case Studies
Available for download

Well Casing Cathodic Performance Review - Case Studies

Product Number: 51322-17688-SG
Author: Maryam Al Hashmi, Monica Fernandez, Hamed Al Habsi, Naveed Munir, Fatih Boluk
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Oil and gas wells represent a large capital investment. It is imperative that corrosion of well casings be controlled to prevent loss of oil and gas, environmental damage, and personnel hazards, and in order to ensure economical depletion of oil and gas reserve. Wells placed in external corrosive environment shall be protected by appropriate barriers such as additional cemented casing, cathodic protection and coating to assure well casing integrity.
Categories
Industry
Recently viewed
Popular tags
View all

Association for Materials Protection and Performance

© AMPP All Rights Reserved.
Membership Terms of Content Use
Contact Customer Support