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Proposal Of 18Cr-8Ni Based Austenitic Stainless Steel With Superior Stress Relaxation Cracking Resistance

Picture for Proposal Of 18Cr-8Ni Based Austenitic Stainless Steel With Superior Stress Relaxation Cracking Resistance
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Various austenitic stainless steels such as UNS S30409, S31609, S32109 and 34709 are widely used in complex refinery or chemical plants at temperature ranges between 550°C and 950°C. However, Stress Relaxation Cracking (SRC) in welded joints or cold deformed parts has been a serious problem during fabrication or operation. Several researches were conducted to construct SRC test methods. This included the evaluation of SRC susceptibilities among various austenitic stainless steels and to determine SRC mechanism within TNO Science and Industry or JIP1-4. It was concluded that SRC was caused by the accommodation of strain due to both carbide/nitride precipitation hardening inhibiting dislocation movement and the formation of precipitation free zone along the M23C6 carbide at grain boundary during stress relaxation process of welding residual stresses at temperatures between 550°C and 750°C.

Product Number: 51322-17536-SG
Author: Takahiro Osuki, Yuhei Suzuki, Shinnosuke Kurihara, Toshihide Ono, Masaki Ueyama
Publication Date: 2022
Industries: Corrosion Monitoring and Control , Coatings
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$20.00
$20.00

It is known that Stress Relaxation Cracking (SRC) has occurred in welded joints or cold deformation areas and is a severe problem for some units in hydro-treating or hydro-cracking processes. For example, in NACE (1) Paper No.07423 from CORROSION 2007, TNO Science and Industry investigated the SRC ranking of heat resistant alloys and the mechanism of SRC within a Joint Industrial Programme (JIP). They clarified that the major mechanism is due to the formation of both precipitation hardening along dislocations and precipitation free zone along M23C6 carbide at grain boundaries during stress relaxation process in the temperature range between 550°C and 750°C. Stainless alloys S34709 or S30409 indicate higher SRC susceptibility compared with S31609, and requires Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) to prevent SRC. Therefore, end users and fabricators using S34709 or S30409 have a strong interest austenitic stainless steels with superior SRC resistance where PWHT can be eliminated.

In our research, proprietary version S34751 was studied due to its extreme low carbon and higher nitrogen contents. Both stress relaxation testing and thermodynamic calculations revealed that proprietary version S34751 had higher SRC resistance than S34709 and S30409 without PWHT.

It is known that Stress Relaxation Cracking (SRC) has occurred in welded joints or cold deformation areas and is a severe problem for some units in hydro-treating or hydro-cracking processes. For example, in NACE (1) Paper No.07423 from CORROSION 2007, TNO Science and Industry investigated the SRC ranking of heat resistant alloys and the mechanism of SRC within a Joint Industrial Programme (JIP). They clarified that the major mechanism is due to the formation of both precipitation hardening along dislocations and precipitation free zone along M23C6 carbide at grain boundaries during stress relaxation process in the temperature range between 550°C and 750°C. Stainless alloys S34709 or S30409 indicate higher SRC susceptibility compared with S31609, and requires Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) to prevent SRC. Therefore, end users and fabricators using S34709 or S30409 have a strong interest austenitic stainless steels with superior SRC resistance where PWHT can be eliminated.

In our research, proprietary version S34751 was studied due to its extreme low carbon and higher nitrogen contents. Both stress relaxation testing and thermodynamic calculations revealed that proprietary version S34751 had higher SRC resistance than S34709 and S30409 without PWHT.

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08454 Stress Relaxation Cracking Of Welded Joints In Thick Sections Of Type-347 Stabilized Grade Of Stainless Steel

Product Number: 51300-08454-SG
ISBN: 08454 2008 CP
Author: Christian E. van der Westhuizen
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This paper discusses reactors in hydrocarbon service that experienced numerous cracking problems over a 8-year period, where cracks were confined to the welded zones.  The material is  TP347 stainless steel, welded with E347-16 consumables.
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07421 Fabricating Nickel Alloy Products to Avoid Stress Relaxation Cracking

Product Number: 51300-07421-SG
ISBN: 07421 2007 CP
Author: Lewis E. Shoemaker, Gaylord D. Smith, Brian A. Baker, and Jon Poole
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Various alloys subjected various heat treatments were examined in-service and tested to determine their susceptibility to stress relaxation cracking.
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07423 Control of Relaxation Cracking in Austenitic High Temperature Components

Product Number: 51300-07423-SG
ISBN: 07423 2007 CP
Author: Hans Van Wortel
Publication Date: 2007
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The research was focused to assess the key factors concerning relaxation cracking and how to control it. It included the effect of chemical composition of the base materials (both Fe and Ni base alloys), heat to heat variation, grain size, cold deformation, welding, operating temperature and heat treatments.
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