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Various austenitic stainless steels such as UNS S30409, S31609, S32109 and 34709 are widely used in complex refinery or chemical plants at temperature ranges between 550°C and 950°C. However, Stress Relaxation Cracking (SRC) in welded joints or cold deformed parts has been a serious problem during fabrication or operation. Several researches were conducted to construct SRC test methods. This included the evaluation of SRC susceptibilities among various austenitic stainless steels and to determine SRC mechanism within TNO Science and Industry or JIP1-4. It was concluded that SRC was caused by the accommodation of strain due to both carbide/nitride precipitation hardening inhibiting dislocation movement and the formation of precipitation free zone along the M23C6 carbide at grain boundary during stress relaxation process of welding residual stresses at temperatures between 550°C and 750°C.
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Tensile pull-off adhesion testing is becoming a more frequent specification requirement for in situ quality assurance testing to confirm proper surface preparation and adhesion of high performance protective linings applied to concrete. It is also becoming a widely used test for forensic analysis of protective linings in existing installations. There have been numerous investigations leading to the development of different devices and test pull-off adhesion methods used to assess bond strengths of mortars and overlay materials
Corrosion under Insulation (CUI) costs industry millions of dollars. Water ingress into conventional insulation systems can result in accelerated corrosion of the steel substrate w hich, if unchecked, will result in structural failure of the vessel or pipe. If the structure is operating under high pressure then this failure would be catastrophic. CUI can result in significant loss of revenue from downtime, maintenance and replacement of corroded structures.
Guidelines in the methods and techniques of collecting samples of corrosion products. These should enable collection of material suitable for successful analysis in the laboratory. Includes procedures in the analysis and identification of corrosion products. Historical Document 1973
Recommended practice: Procedures for the control of external corrosion on underground conduit systems and direct buried lead-covered cables.
Historical Document 1994
Acknowledged techniques in the use of holiday detector equipment on pipeline coatings prior to lowering-in operations, Includes a table of recommended voltages for various coating thicknesses. Historical Document 1998
While corrosion protection is the primary driver in the selection of protective coatings for a specific project, aesthetics is often a key component for consideration with owners and engineers. This paper will discuss the evolution of generic protective coatings used for exterior aesthetic purposes, focusing on new product developments, improvement in formulations and testing methods that have resulted in improved performance relative to color and gloss retention of finishes for exterior substrates.
Surface Applied Corrosion Inhibitors (SACI) remain controversial as to effectiveness and the ability to compare materials from different manufacturers and technologies. These materials are liquids applied to the surface of concrete to control the corrosion of embedded reinforcing steel. This presentation will discuss the performance and relative importance of a recent testing program for corrosion inhibition and other performance parameters using documented test methods.
Quality Assurance (QA) paint testing is an important obligation of any paint manufacturer and/or end user. Each year, hundreds of batches slotted to be applied on US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) hydraulic steel structures around the country are submitted to be tested at the Engineering Research Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Paint Technology Center (ERDC-CERL-PTC). A significant fraction of those samples fail.
The determination of the concentration of soluble salts on a surface prior to the application of paint is a key inspection task for most protective coating processes. The entrapment of soluble salts, particularly on a steel surface can lead to premature coating adhesion failure and corrosion cells being established.
The Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) is a regional agency whose mission is to manage water resources and develop solutions that will ensure adequate future water supplies for the Las Vegas Valley. Its primary water resource is the Colorado River via Lake Mead. Since 2000, persistent droughts have resulted in decreasing Lake Mead water levels. To reduce Southern Nevada’s reliance on the Colorado River, SNWA has begun planning for the development of in-state groundwater resources north of Las Vegas. Initial planning efforts identified project specific requirements that could potentially justify the use of polyurethane lining systems in lieu of traditional cement mortar lining for over 200 miles of large diameter water transmission pipeline.