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Austenitic stainless, S31254, and Hastelloy, N10276, were clad on low carbon steel plates with explosive welding for testing in a geothermal environment. Results from visual inspection and microstructural & chemical composition analysis with a scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy
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High strength UNS S31010 with 140 ksi MYS has been produced by warm work hardening and cold work hardening. The characterization of high strength alloy with respect to corrosion resistance is discussed in this paper.
A series of NACE TM0177 Tensile Test Method A tests were conducted on various commercially available chromium-manganese austenitic stainless steels as well as 17-4PH in the 110ksi-to-130ksi yield strength range (34 - 35 HRC max).
This technical report presents the current state of knowledge and gap analyses on corrosion testing of metallic materials produced using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies in environments relevant to several industrial applications. The discussed materials were produced primarily via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), directed energy deposition (DED), and specifically the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) form of DED. Many variables may not be sufficiently detailed in the rapidly evolving state of the art at the time of publication for the assessment of the performance of AM products; some variables such as microstructure, post-build processing, surface condition, residual stress, physical defects, and selection of representative test specimens (size and/or geometry) for a finished product are addressed. This report contains approaches for corrosion and environmental cracking assessment of AM materials, including test details that are relevant to the AM processes for some specific cases. The technical report provides the foundation for the preparation of test standard(s) that apply to AM products.
As a companion document to MR21525, this Technical Report provides results, review and commentary on many investigations of HSC and includes important literature data, references, background information, service experience and related standards that were utilized in the development of the AMPP MR21525. Most of the information in this Technical Report covers findings from HSC field experience and HSC data from brine/CP exposure tests or from other cathodic charging experiments. It is important to note, in the use of MR21525 and in the review of data contained herein, that HSC can also be induced from hydrogenating environments and conditions other than from just from CP exposure alone. A non-exhaustive list of such conditions is presented later in this Technical Report.
As construction of an industrial plant was nearing completion, it was realized that galvanized scaffolding was used during the erection of a large furnace. There was some concern about the possibility of zinc liquid metal embrittlement (LME) of the austenitic stainless-steel tubes. LME is the loss of ductility when a metal is in contact with liquid metal while under stress. Specifically, austenitic stainless steels are known to be susceptible to LME in the presence of liquid zinc which was implicated in the Flixborough Disaster where 28 people were killed in an industrial accident in 1974.
UNS S209101, also known as XM-19 by ASTM A2762, is a nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steel with high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Besides nitrogen (N) it also contains higher amounts of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and a similar molybdenum (Mo) content compared with UNS S31603, as well as small additions of niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V). High contents of Cr, Mo and N confer this stainless steel high localized corrosion resistance. Mo, Mn and Cr increase the nitrogen solubility in iron alloys.
In the oil and gas industry, the major standard for material selection today is ANSI1/NACE2 MR0175/ISO 15156 Parts 1-3. [1] While this standard deals extensively with environment cracking and its prevention for materials under exposure to production environments containing H2S, CO2, chlorides, and sulfur, it does not include any guidance or material requirements for resistance to environmental cracking (such as hydrogen stress cracking – HSC, or otherwise) under variable subsea conditions that involve exposure to seawater with varying levels of cathodic protection (CP). ISO 21457 [2] provides further guidance for materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems but does not provide adequate coverage of the issue of environmental cracking in subsea applications with CP.
Pyrolysis processes of post-consumer plastics are a promising chemical recycling route and a good alternative to disposal. Nevertheless, these processes are challenging for metallic materials since chlorine containing materials or biological components inside the feedstock can yield HCl and H2S, respectively, during cracking. In combination with high temperatures of the reactor zone metallic construction materials can be attacked by high-temperature corrosion.
In this study, the effect of Mo, Cu and W contents in stainless steels on both NAC and PTA SCC resistance are investigated. The purpose was to optimize a proprietary version of UNS S34751 (TP347LN) with excellent PTA SCC resistance.
Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) is the largest producer of water by its different water desalination plants distributed around the kingdom. Produced water is transmitted through underground pipelines. These pipelines are more than 8,000 KM in length and varying diameter from 8 thru 75 in.