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Coatings are a composite blend of raw ingredients that are mixed, applied to a prepared substrate, and dried and cured correctly to perform to their maximum capability. Failures and defects can appear themselves at numerous times in the life of a coating. Prior to application, they can take the shape of settlement and skinning, during application as runs and sags, shortly after application as solvent popping and orange peel, and during service as blistering and rust spotting. Therefore, it is not unexpected that those coatings can suffer from premature failure and/or exhibit defects that may or may not result in failure. Coatings nowadays are the most efficient method to shield metals and thus has been widely engaged among various protective techniques 1, 2.
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Protective coatings are widely used for shielding metal surfaces against service-induced degradations. Immersion-grade coatings protect the metal surfaces by hindering the interaction of steel (i.e., substrate) with service thereby providing corrosion and even abrasion resistance. Coatings nowadays are the most efficient method to shield metals and thus has been widely engaged among various protective techniques.
The Springhouse Country Market and Restaurant has been a local icon for over 40 years. The commercial bakery floor had been covered for years with a commercial sheet vinyl that would fail in spots due to the infiltration of water and cleaning materials at the seams. This resulted in the need to repair the sheet material several times which created a patchwork effect. Finally, the owner reached out to a flooring professional to discuss a new renovation solution.
This paper compares and contrasts the accelerated laboratory autoclave (NACE TM0185) performance at 300°F (149°C), and 250 psig, of eight polycyclamine cured epoxy linings. The latter were tested for tank, vessel and pipe spool applications in the oil and gas industry. Five of the linings were commercially available and three were experimental. A modified amine cured epoxy was also evaluated in the study, a lining used to transport shale oil in railcars at temperatures up to 200°F (93°C).
Coal tar enamel provides an extremely long service life, under the right conditions. The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) has observed more than 80 years of corrosion protection at facilities such as Hoover Dam. The coal tar enamel linings in penstocks and outlet works that are buried, encased, or in tunnels maintain excellent condition with minor damage. However, when temperature fluctuates between hot and cold, the enamel is stressed and develops alligator cracking.
Zebra mussels were first introduced in the United States in the 1980’s into the Great Lakes. The migration of the mussels west prompted the US Bureau of Reclamation to examine technologies that might reduce their impact on water resources infrastructure. Many new materials and coating products have been developed to deter the attachment of mussels to infrastructure with new products being frequently introduced
This paper examines the effect that curing temperature has on the physical characteristics and performance of standard cure polyamide epoxies as compared low temperature cure epoxies.
The EPA estimates it will cost $390 billion over the next 20 years to repair or replace the crumbling wastewater infrastructure. Replacing infrastructure is costly, and in light of current economic conditions and worldwide budget cuts, often impossible to do. Alternatively, the use of single coat, fast cure high performance epoxy linings to rehabilitate sewage pipelines instead of replacing them will save municipalities considerable money and time, making it not only possible but practical for municipalities to protect their local environments today from sewage leaks.
Epoxy coatings have a long and successful track record in marine and protective coatings, due to the combined offerings of excellent corrosion and chemical resistance. As regional environmental drivers become firmly established, the industry is faced with the constant challenge of providing solutions which can comply with emerging VOC regulations. There is a continuous trend to move the technology from the so-called conventional paint to high solids coatings, and more recently, to ultra-high solids coatings [1]. At the same time the overall performance attributes associated with high performance epoxy systems need to be either maintained or improved depending on specific industrial application needs. Many current high solids epoxy systems use non-reactive plasticizers such as benzyl alcohol or alkyl phenols to enable full chemical conversion of the polymer matrix. While this approach allows for reduced solvent demand, such products do not always address the market need for extended service life. The use of fugitive plasticizers can cause the coating to lose its flexibility over time as the plasticizer leaches out. In order to address this, a different plasticization approach to lower solvent requirement and ensure complete cure is needed. This paper will review the basics of high solids epoxy coatings compared to conventional epoxy technologies and describe the fundamental technical differences. It will also present new versatile amine curing agent technology that offers solutions to develop coatings compliant with stringent emission test accreditation, and at the same time, addresses many of the technical challenges associated with high solids systems. Furthermore, the absence of nonreactive plasticizers facilitates long-term conservation of the mechanical properties of the coating, and hence, helps deliver long-term asset protection.
Epoxy coatings provide excellent physical barrier to the steel reinforcing bars that are embedded in reinforced concrete and prevent chloride ions from reaching the bar surface under corrosive environment. Such protection primarily depends on the integrity of the coatings, which can often be damaged during construction. Repair of epoxy coatings can be time consuming and expensive. Therefore, it is important to determine a critical amount of damage that can be tolerated without compromising the capacity of the coatings to provide corrosion protection.
Due to their excellent performance properties, epoxy coatings are commonly used over metal and concrete substrates in applications where corrosion protection and chemical/solvent resistance are key requirements. One weakness of these epoxy coatings is their poor UV durability. Epoxy coatings typically have poor gloss and color retention as well as poor resistance to chalking on exterior exposure.
This paper presents an overview of systems available in the market today, their health and safety characteristics, performance capabilities and delivery mechanisms. Installation technologies are analyzed on their energy efficiencies, environmental impact, performance result consistency, ease of use and cost. The goal was to identify currently available systems; analyze concerns and limitations with these systems; and provide a basis for material selection and installation practices to achieve long-term expectations; while maintaining the utmost protection of humans, animals and the environment