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Two successive leakages were reported in the heat exchanger composed of 8 rows of finned tubes of the convection section of the condensate stripper re-boiler. A comprehensive study (Failure Analysis) has been conducted to reveal the form of failure. The failure was recognized as erosion and cavitation damage.
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During the testing of circular grit chambers in a wastewater treatment plant under construction, serious leaking problems were discovered prior to project completion. After meetings with the Owner, Design and Construction engineering firms, painting contractor and coatings manufacturer, the decision was made to apply 80 mils of pure polyurea to various concrete surfaces. This presentation, through the use of photo images taken during remediation, describes the nature of the problem and how it was solved.
Water leakage into exterior wall construction is one of the principal causes of damage and deterioration to facade materials and underlying construction. This paper discusses the basic approaches currently used to keep water out of buildings and their relationship to several common exterior wall systems.
Corrosion under Insulation (CUI) is accelerated corrosion that takes place under insulation typically used to conserve energy, help with process control, and protect workers from temperature extremes. CUI is an issue for facility owners in many industries that use heat or cold in their industrial processes, including chemical processing, refining, fertilizer manufacturing, and power generation. Insulation used in these applications is generally mechanically attached to the substrate vessel or pipeline and is typically covered with cladding. Cladding is typically made out of metal or plastic and is applied to protect the insulation from physical damage and to keep water away from the insulation and substrate.
Contractors who apply coatings as a water resistive and air barriers for a wall assembly will be more effective if they understand the basic building science principals behind bulk water intrusion in walls. Understanding the leak triangle and utilizing he Three ‘D’ approach – Deflect, Drain, Dry – will help the contractor be more effective in analyzing problems and recommending solutions.
This paper will address the new requirements of the 2012 International Energy Conservation Code for the building envelope, which requires careful design to limit uncontrolled air leakage into and out of buildings.
Concrete will crack – that is a fact. When cracks appear, they are dynamic or static, and structural or non-structural. If the crack is static, non-structural, and does not leak, epoxies are great to restore design strength. However, since concrete constantly shrinks, expands, and often leaks, the use of a flexible polyurethane resin to permanently seal active leaks is the optimum choice to create a leak-free environment.
The Federal Highway Administration, through its Innovative Bridge Research and Construction Program, requested research in the performance of paint coatings applied to bridges. The Maryland State Highway Administration tested two different, two ─ coat systems in a side-by-side comparison with its standard three ─ coat paint system consisting of organic zinc primer / epoxy polyamide intermediate / aliphatic urethane finish coat (currently the “State of the Art” system for most States).
Adit towers are generally vertical, large diameter concrete pipes that serve as vaults for valves used to drain and fill a reservoir. The tower runs from several feet above the waterline down through the reservoir and into the reservoir bed for some distance. Many of these towers and reservoirs are old and deteriorating, as the United States suffers from an aged infrastructure.
One of the, if not the most, vexing problems for bridge maintenance personnel is the deterioration of bridge components below leaking joints. The joints may be open or closed, construction or expansion, but all seemingly leak shortly after construction or resealing. The bridge components affected by the leaking joints may be steel or concrete, but the end result is the same, deterioration.
Humans have been building shelters since before recorded history. Throughout the ages mankind’s primary objective remains the same: to keep water out of the shelter. Water is the most aggressive combatant in the fight to protect our structures. Buildings leak for a variety of reasons.