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2009 EDITION - HISTORICAL DOCUMENT.
Selection and qualification of carbon and low-alloy steels, corrosion-resistant alloys, and other alloys for service in oil and natural gas production and treatment plants with H2S-containing environments.
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HISTORICAL DOWNLOADABLE 2015 EDITION.
Selection and qualification of carbon and low-alloy steels, corrosion-resistant alloys, and other alloys for service in equipment in oil and natural gas production and NG treatment plants in H2S-containing
Note: This document was originally published with errors in Table A.16, page 3-32. These identified errors are corrected. Errata sheet is included.
NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 gives requirements and recommendations for the selection and qualification of carbon and low-alloy steels, corrosion-resistant alloys, and other alloys for service in equipment used in oil and natural gas production and natural gas treatment plants in H2S-containing environments, whose failure could pose a risk to the health and safety of the public and personnel or to the equipment itself.
About 39 years ago, the first author of this paper has successfully developed the Thermally Treated (TT) Alloy 690, with his colleagues from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. at that time and with people from Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. (the company name at that time, now Nippon Steel Corporation). And they have practically applied TT Alloy 690 to steam generator (SG) tubes. The developed TTAlloy 690 consists of the combinations between the fully solution heat treatment (SHT) condition before TT and carbon content, particularly selected with an optimized microstructure verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
An unexpected failure of 316L Stainless Steel instrument tubing occurred in a high pressure Hydroprocessing unit resulting in a shutdown of the unit. The tubing system consisted of a compression type fitting commonly used in instrument systems and had only been in service for 3 years when the failure occurred. The failed tubing samples were removed for metallurgical analysis and determination of damage mechanism.
Metallurgical analysis and finite element analysis of the tubing identified excessive cold working leading to hydrogen embrittlement as the primary mode of failure. This paper details the investigation into the failure to arrive at the root cause and the preventive measures adopted to assess the installed population of tubing in similar service.
Several offshore field failures in recent years have been attributed to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) of high strength, highly corrosion resistant Precipitation Hardened Nickel Alloys (PHNA’s) such as UNS N07716, UNS N07718 and UNS N07725.
Hence, HISC is a constant concern regarding subsea components subjected to high tensile stress, and the industry is searching for solutions to their technical needs: High strength corrosion resistant alloys (CRA’s) resistant to seawater (high Pitting Resistance Equivalent number (PREN)) but also resistant to HISC.
For PHNA’s, improved processing (chemical composition limits and processing temperatures) and improved quality control methods as well as refined acceptance criteria are all under consideration.