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Composite materials are being widely implemented for repair scenarios within refineries – domestically and around the world. This paper will discuss concerns, considerations, and needs typically encountered when using Engineered Composite Repair systems to repair live, operating piping systems in a plant environment.
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Lightweight structural composites were processed using a melt approach. Microstructural characterization was conducted using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Phase determination was carried out using X-ray diffraction.
Fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRP) equipment is fabricated by applying layers to build up the required thickness. Peel is a phenomenon peculiar to FRP equipment since the bonded layers could be peeled back at relatively low loads. This paper will cover peel definitions, peel test methods, and peel strengths.
To maintain production levels, oil fields in the Middle East increasingly require water injection to maintain pressure in hydrocarbon reservoirs. The injected water increases the water cut of the produced fluids, resulting in a very corrosive mixture for metallic piping. Therefore, nonmetallic pipe systems have become more widely accepted as alternative pipe materials for transporting produced fluids and injection water.
Horizontal directional drills (HDD) have become an essential pipeline construction tool for crossing spans of the right of way with obstructions such as wetlands, rivers and streams, railroads, roads, businesses, and high consequence areas (HCA). This trenchless technology allows a pipeline to be installed without open cutting the ground. Prior to any construction, geological surveys with core samples are performed to determine the optimum route for the HDD (Figure 1).
A method of using spray polyurea coatings and woven aramid, fiber wet-out with a proprietary material to form a composite. The composite is built in place and used to retrofit structures and vehicles to resist the effects of explosive blasts.
topcoats utilized on the exterior skin of Department of Defense (DoD) aircraft (i.e., fixed and rotary wing) and ground support equipment (GSE) are two-component (2K) polyurethanes (PUs) that are qualified to MIL-PRF-85285 performance requirements. These topcoats are formed from the chemical MARCH reaction of hydroxyl- and isocyanate-functional molecules to generate highly cross-linked polymeric networks that contain carbamate (i.e., urethane) linkages. Formation of these cross-linked networks result in durable coatings with excellent hydrocarbon resistance, mechanical and thermal properties, including resistance to ultraviolet (UV) degradation from sunlight.
This paper will present both laboratory and field trial results as evaluated with ASTM D610 for Zn-Ni nanolaminated and comparative coated fasteners and discuss how utilizing ASTM D610 helps to ensure objective, consistent red rust measurements.