AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'hydrogen'

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06458 UNDER-DEPOSIT CORROSION MECHANISMS IN BOILERS

Product Number: 51300-06458-SG

ISBN: 06458 2006 CP

Author: A.G. Howell

$20.00

Under-deposit corrosion is a common mode of failure in boiler tubes. Mechanisms include phosphate attack, caustic gouging, hydrogen damage, and wall thinning due to metal loss. Many aspects of these mechanisms and their mitigation are well-understood, while certain specific details remain uncertain or subject to controversy.

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07036 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR UPPER LIMITS OF CATHODIC PROTECTION

Product Number: 51300-07036-SG

ISBN: 07036 2007 CP

Author: Ernest Klechka, Steven F. Daily, and Kevin C. Garrity

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

This paper reviews the concerns of applying excessive levels of cathodic protection current to pipelines and the need for establishing an upper potential limit. Coating disbondment, hydrogen induced stress cracks, stress corrosion cracking, hard spots and the problems associated with measurement of a true polarized pipe-to-electrolyte potential are addressed.

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07573 Survey of Materials in Hydrotreater Units Processing High TAN Feeds

Product Number: 51300-07573-SG

ISBN: 07573 2007 CP

Author: Cathleen A. Shargay, Karly Moore, and Richard Colwell

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

This paper helps answer some questions by surveying numerous units processing high naphthenic acid-containing feeds, e.g. feeds with high total acid number (TAN). The survey lists the unit temperatures, TAN’s, flow schemes, materials and corrosion history.

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51316-7183-Sour Service Fatigue and Fracture Behavior of High Strength Steels

Product Number: 51316-7183-SG

ISBN: 7183 2016 CP

Author: Thodla Ramgopal

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

Fatigue Crack Growth Rate (FCGR) and fracture toughness behavior of high strength steels used in drilling riser applications was investigated in sour environments. Frequency scan tests were performed were performed on X80 C110 and S135 in moderate to mildly sour environments.

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51317--9694-Multipoint Flux Monitoring by the Hydrogen Collection Method Using a New Wide Temperature Range Flux Measurement Probe

Product Number: 51317--9694-SG

ISBN: 9694 2017 CP

Author: Frank Dean

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The hydrogen collection method is used widely. In this paper we present preliminary measurements from a newly developed device based on the hydrogen collection method of flux measurement, which enables readings to be taken from up to four external probes sequentially, within a short time.

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51318-10863-Behavior of Titanium Exposed to Fresh and Spent Dilute HF Acid Well Stimulation Fluids

Product Number: 51318-10863-SG

Author: Ronald W. Schutz / Heath W. Walker

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

UNS R56404Titanium exposure to warm, naturally-aerated, dilute, HF-containing, fresh acid mixtures does result in unacceptable, elevated etch rates. Several common inorganic salts such as aluminum, molybdate, and/or borate salts, inhibit this attack.

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A comparison among different electrochemical hydrogen charging methods tested on low alloy steels

Product Number: 51323-18866-SG

Author: Luca Paterlini, Luca Casanova, Giorgio Re, Marco Ormellese, Fabio Bolzoni

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Atomic hydrogen can enter metallic microstructures from deposition processes like Cr plating or phosphatizing, chemical and electrochemical pickling treatments, during welding operations if the humidity of consumables is too high, by cathodic processes resulting from corrosion phenomena or contact with high pressure gaseous hydrogen. According to different chemical-physical mechanisms, atomic hydrogen can enter the metallic structure resulting in damages of various forms, such as HIC (hydrogen induced cracking), SOHIC (stress oriented HIC), delayed fracture and hydrogen embrittlement (HE).

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A Review of the Effect of High-Pressure Hydrogen on Crack Growth of Pipeline Steels and an Assessment of their Suitability for Hydrogen Transportation Purpose

Product Number: 51324-21016-SG

Author: Shigekazu Miyashita; Shunji Kataoka

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The mechanical properties of piping materials in gaseous hydrogen environments are still a complex subject, although steel pipelines have been a major means of transporting gaseous hydrogen for decades. An assessment of the material performance in gaseous hydrogen environments is necessary for safe and reliable pipeline design and operation, not only for existing pipelines but also for new pipelines needed to accommodate future consumption demands. Since the materials for hydrogen pipelines are usually subjected to the repeated loading of pressure fluctuations, fatigue crack growth in steels in gaseous hydrogen is of paramount concern. In this paper, the current understanding of the effects of hydrogen on fatigue crack growth are reviewed. In particular, the effects of various parameters, such as steel grade, loading frequency, stress ratio, and hydrogen partial pressure are discussed in detail. Moreover, fatigue crack growth analyses in hypothetical hydrogen pipelines using a fatigue crack growth model developed by the Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers (IGEM) are presented. These analyses are used to assess the applicability of conventional pipeline steels, and their results indicate certain technical challenges for the industry.

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Application of Hydrogen Service Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Models to a Simulated Remaining Life Assessment of Transmission Pipeline

Product Number: 51323-19368-SG

Author: B.C. Rollins, B.N. Padgett, T.J. Prewitt, A. Chandra, S. Finneran, R. Thodla

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The hydrogen economy envisions the use of gaseous hydrogen (herein referred to as hydrogen) as an energy carrier for the reduction of carbon emissions. Transportation of hydrogen from the upstream source (generation location) to the end-user will be necessary to maximize the carbon reduction potential switching from natural gas to pure hydrogen or hydrogen blended natural gas products. A proposed, economically viable option is to utilize the existing and extensive natural gas pipeline infrastructure in the United States.

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Attempts for Preventing Hydrogen Embrittlement and Solving the Infrastructure Problems for Hydrogen Gas Transmission Lines - A Practical IGC Study Based on Surface Thermodynamics

Product Number: 51324-20697-SG

Author: Michael E Hinman; Ilhan Ulkem

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This work summarizes the preliminary results of an effective experimental methodology called IGC, Inverse Gas Chromatography. IGC analysis is a well-established, surface thermodynamics technique. Different types of model coating materials have been tested under relatively identical conditions to determine their ability to interact with hydrogen gas. Findings helped establish a practical way of ranking materials with respect to their interaction with hydrogen. This potentially leads to their ability to protect the infrastructure by either reducing the chances for hydrogen to reach or eliminating it from reaching the metal surface entirely. Greater protection is expected to be achieved with the use of coatings that very weakly interact with hydrogen gas as opposed to those that interact strongly and allow the hydrogen to diffuse into them.

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Effect of Heat Treatment and Manufacturing Method on the Susceptibility to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking of UNS N06625

Product Number: 51324-20899-SG

Author: Eivind Bruun Thorstensen; Atle Helge Qvale; Vebjørn Andresen ; Roy Johnsen; Paal Bratland

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper presents results obtained from examining the effect of heat treatment and production method on the hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC) susceptibility of UNS N06625 (Alloy 625). Five different versions of Alloy 625 were examined: Hot forged material heat treated at 920 °C, 1010 °C and 1100 °C respectively, material produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and material that has been solution annealed and strain hardened (cold worked) at a temperature below secondary phase formation. The different versions of Alloy 625 were initially characterized by identifying the critical pitting temperature (CPT) by use of a modified ASTM G48 Method C test. Resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) has been examined by use of stepwise loading of tensile specimens in a hydrogen charging environment in CortestTM proof rings, followed by fractography characterization and microstructural examination by use of Optical Light Microscope (OLM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The hot forged and the HIP’ed versions of Alloy 625 that subsequently were heat treated, were found to be susceptible to HISC. The evaluation was based on a decrease in strength and ductility, as well as brittle fracture surfaces and secondary cracking on the samples’ outer surface. Among the hot forged and heat-treated versions, the samples heat treated at 1010°C were found to be the most susceptible to HISC, while (solution) heat treatment at 1100°C resulted in the lowest HISC susceptibility amongst the hot forged and heat-treated qualities. The solution annealed (1150 °C) and cold worked version showed a higher resistance to HISC, as no reduction in fracture strength, nor any secondary cracking were observed. The amount of grain boundary precipitations was found to be the main factor influencing the HISC susceptibility, where an increased amount of grain boundary precipitations led to higher susceptibility. The effect of grain size on the HISC susceptibility of samples charged with hydrogen were also considered, and the results indicate that larger grains have a beneficial effect on the ductility.

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Effect of Plastic Strain on Hydrogen Absorption of Low Alloy Carbon Steel for Linepipe

Product Number: 51323-19139-SG

Author: Taishi Fujishiro, Yusaku Tomio, Taro Muraki, Takuya Hara

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In the oil and gas industry, oil country tubular goods and linepipes are exposed to the wet H2S environment (sour environment) in some cases. The presence of H2S promotes hydrogen entry into steel due to the catalytic action of H2S. The absorbed hydrogen enhanced by H2S affects hydrogen embrittlement.

Products tagged with 'hydrogen'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance