Steel pipeline is the optimum choice for transporting oil and gas due to its excellent strength,
material properties and cost. Some pipeline services require special attention to avoid
corrosion or erosion, e.g., corrosive water injection systems. To address this, internal liners
have been introduced, including cement-lined to protect the pipelines from such conditions.
Even though cement-liners enhance the reliability of the pipelines, there are still challenges
related to inspection. The inspection of cement-lined pipelines is difficult with in-line
inspection tools (ILI) due to surface roughness of the cement, which impacts the movement.
Also, the cement lining is too thick for the sensors of the ILI tool to measure the steel
thickness through the liner.
Cement-lined pipelines are frequently used for water injection system facilities where
common inspection techniques cannot be used due to inherent limitations. As safety,
reliability and continuity are important at Saudi Aramco operations, the team spare no effort
to ensure the integrity of these pipelines utilizing different inspection techniques. In 2017,
electromagnetic acoustic transmission (EMAT) inspection technology was utilized for the first
time on cement-lined pipelines at the water injection facilities. This paper describes the
capability and successful deployment of EMAT inspection technology.

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a major problem for petroleum and petrochemical process industries that affects the plant mechanical integrity and attacks assets. CUI can result in sudden and hazardous leaks (safety concern), and plant shutdowns with high losses of production (economical concern).
Traditional detecting methods of CUI to cut a window in thermal insulation used to inspect visually, to measure the thickness, and then return thermal insulation back, giving high chance for water and moisture ingress, accelerating CUI, moreover big amount of scaffolding erection along with thermal insulation removal required.
SHARQ (Eastern Petrochemical Company, one of SABIC companies) is pioneer to study CUI, evaluating many Non–Destructive techniques has proven Pulsed Eddy Current (PEC) as the most effective technique in terms of integrity and cost optimization.
Considering all available techniques, all aspects studied, such as range of applications, features, and limitations, it is concluded and verified to meet our inspection plan strategy needs.
PEC does not require thermal insulation removal; optimize scaffolding erection, has a wide range of applications related to thickness, and temperature. PEC approved by international codes and standards (API) to meet RBI Meridium software requirements.
The validation study results show cost savings of more than 50% compared to traditional thickness measurement methodology, moreover it reduces EHSS (Environment, Health, Safety, and Security) negative impact reduces the probability of safety incidents due to reducing labor, man-hours, and eliminating many associated activities with potential hazard and risk.
PEC has high productivity, easily operated, and provides comprehensive and professional inspection report

Composite repairs have been applied to pipelines and piping systems for structural reinforcement after external corrosion. Such repairs may consist of glass or carbon fibers embedded in a matrix of epoxy. Typically, these repairs are hand applied using either wet lay-up systems or prefabricated rolls of composite sleeve. In some applications, pipeline continued corrosion growth under composite repairs were reported using Inline Inspection (ILI) which raises a concern about the integrity of the metallic piping under composite repairs. When continued corrosion is detected by ILI, a difficulty is typically faced due to the inability to measure pipeline remaining thickness under such repairs. To resolve this challenge, this paper will discuss multiple inspection and corrosion monitoring techniques for metal loss under composite repairs. To measure the pipeline wall thickness due to internal corrosion, one or more of the three (3) Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) technologies namely; Dynamic Response Spectroscopy (DRS), Multi-skip Ultrasonic (MS-UT) and digital radiography were evaluated and found capable. To monitor for external corrosion, a scheduled visual inspection of the composite repair would be the first inspection step. If the composite repair appears to be intact then the visual inspection would suffice and the repair should be acceptable to its design life. If the original defect is external corrosion and a scheduled visual inspection of the composite repair shows damage to the composite repair then inspection to assess the integrity of the substrate must be used before permanently fixing the composite repair. For this scenario, digital radiography or MS-UT are recommended to assess the condition of the substrate