AMPP Store - Online Conference Paper

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Aggressive Stray Current Corrosion on an Onshore Crude Line

Product Number: 51323-19499-SG

Author: Yusuf A. Nasidi, Mohammed S. Hamaqi, Hassan A. Al Basri

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

The company operates several thousands of kilometers of pipelines that transport oil and gas from the offshore and onshore fields. A Risk Based Inspection (RBI) approach is adopted to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline system in accordance with the design, company, and legal requirements.

During one of the many planned In-Line Inspection (ILI) programs undertaken to determine the integrity status of their pipelines, a 48" crude pipeline was reported to have significant external corrosion on one of its onshore sections with reported metal loss of up to 93% of its nominal wall thickness.

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Air Cooler Plug Gaskets Leakage During Startup

Product Number: 51320-15197-SG

Author: Cathleen Shargay, Sarah Radovcich, Amish Jani, Kuntak Daru, Jigneshkumar J. Desai

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Severe leakage on a high percentage of the plug gaskets on a high alloy air cooled heat exchanger during or shortly after initial startup has occurred in only a small percentage of air coolers, but has resulted in costly replacements and unit shutdowns. These problems have occurred with 304L stainless steel (SS), 316L SS and Nickel 200 gaskets, although each material also has many successful applications. The contributing factors to the leakage has included corrosion, galling and/or inadequate manufacturing steps. This paper summarizes a number of case histories and gives their root causes and solutions. The pros and cons of various gasket materials and design options are discussed, along with a proposal for additional requirements to be added to industry standards which would minimize the risks of these problems.

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AISI 420/410 Modified Martensitic Stainless Steel bar Stock Materials Sulphide Stress Cracking (SSC) Resistance in Mildly Sour Environments

Product Number: 51323-18759-SG

Author: Roberto Morana, Lee Smith, Perry Nice, Lucrezia Scoppio, Marc Müller, Karola Klenke, Roberta Prencipe, Luciana Intiso

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Martensitic Stainless Steel (SMSS) is widely used for downhole production tubing and liners in the Oil & Gas industry. Optimization of the tubular material chemistry, cleanliness and manufacturing route has delivered useful performance in H2S-containing environments (specifically SSC and stress corrosion cracking [SCC])3 resistance4,5,6. Some tubular accessories and most completion equipment require sizes not readily delivered by tubular product form. In these instances, bar stock material is a pragmatic choice.

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Alleviating Stray Current Concerns “Our Infrastructure is Corroding!”

Product Number: 51323-19233-SG

Author: Kevin J. Sunderman

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Stray current prevention, where do you start? When dealing with stray current from a DC Transit
system it is all about building in “layers” of protection. This begins right from the start of your project through the creation of a design and maintenance guideline, through construction with inspection and testing plans and then through long range testing and maintenance plans.

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Alloy 182 Models for the Prediction of the Susceptibility to SCC of BMI Nozzle J-welds

Product Number: ED22-17286-SG

Author: Thierry Couvant

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) models are important for engineering and regulatory assessments. The SCC time to the growth of a crack of engineering scale is the main fraction of component life prior to failure and is therefore of significant interest for modeling. However, the stochastic characteristics of early crack development is challenging for model development and validation.

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Alloy A975 Resistant To Severe Sour Environments And To Hydrogen Embrittlement

Product Number: 51321-16814-SG

Author: Ernst Plesiutschnig; Rainer Fluch; Martin Wöls; Marianne Kapp; Greg Chitwood

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Alloy UNS N06058: A solution for demanding corrosive applications where common members of the Ni-Cr-Mo alloys experience their limits

Product Number: 51320-14557-SG

Author: D. Niespodziany, R. Behrens, H. Alves

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

The high performance alloy UNS N06058 contains about 21 wt.-% chromium and at least 18.5 wt.-% molybdenum. It is the first member of the Ni-Cr-Mo alloys intentionally strengthened with nitrogen. Based in the combination of its alloying constitutes this alloy is highly resistant to oxidizing as well as to reducing corrosive media. Evidenced by the high Pitting Resistance Equivalent (PRE) number of about 86 the alloy UNS N06058 shows an outstanding resistance to localized corrosion as well.

The objective of this paper is to outline the characteristics of alloy UNS N06058 and therefore to highlight the successful use of it in demanding corrosive applications in the process industry and other sectors.

Main characteristics such as microstructure, mechanical properties and fabrication will be discussed. The very good weldability of alloy UNS N06058 has been verified by the German TÜV1. A matching filler metal, which is officially qualified according to AWS 5.14 (American Welding Society)2, is available. In addition, prior work shows that alloy UNS N06058 can be reliably explosion clad. Furthermore, corrosion resistance determined under laboratory conditions as well as in field studies will be presented not only for the base material but also exemplary on welded and cladded samples. Examples of applications will complete the comprehensive overview of this work.

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Alloy UNS N08827: A New and Advanced Version of Alloy UNS N08825 With Better Corrosion and Hot Cracking Resistance

Product Number: 51321-16398-SG

Author: Julia Botinha; Bodo Gehrmann; Martin Wolf; Helena Alves

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Alloying Effect Of Mo In Martensitic Stainless Steel On Passive Film In H2S-CO2 Environment

Product Number: 51322-17538-SG

Author: Kyohei Kanki, Katsuhiro Nishihara, Masayuki Sagara, Hisashi Amaya, Hideki Takabe

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Oil and gas wells are highly corrosive environments because they contain H₂S and CO₂. The 13Cr martensitic stainless steel is widely used in the oil and gas industry because of high good corrosion resistance in CO₂ gas wells. Generally, the addition of Mo increases the passivity of steel. However, the role of Mo in passive films has not been completely clarified.

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Aluminum Cold Spray for Aircraft Structural Repair

Product Number: 51323-18963-SG

Author: Sarah E. Galyon Dorman, Morish J. Ausherman, Justin W. Rausch

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Cold Spray (CS) is a solid-state deposition repair method that deposits 1-50um powder particles onto a substrate. A compressed gas acts as carrier to accelerate the particles through a converging-diverging nozzle to the substrate at supersonic speeds. Critical impact velocity is the velocity that is required to achieve sufficient bonding. CS process parameters as well as powder properties can be adjusted to achieve such velocities. The type of carrier gas will also change the spray velocity. Helium has the lowest molecular weight which allows for higher gas and particle velocity upon impact.

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Aluminum Floating Roof Damage from Hydrotesting

Product Number: 51324-20804-SG

Author: Sudhakar Mahajanam; Jane Brown; Krista Heidersbach; Lokesh Choudhary

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

During construction or refurbishment of crude oil tanks, hydrotesting is routinely performed, sometimes with an aluminum floating roof or pontoons in place. Upon occasion, damage has been sustained to the aluminum floating roofs in a relatively short period of time. Damage is commonly believed to be a result of poor water quality with bacteria or chlorides being suspected of causing the corrosion. Galvanic coupling between the roof and the carbon steel tank has also been cited as a potential contributing factor. Experiments were set up using three types of aluminum alloys: AA 3003, AA 5052-H32 and AA 6061. The objective of the study was to replicate some common field conditions and to determine which mechanism could be the primary cause of damage; chlorides, bacteria or galvanic coupling. It is possible that the damage mechanisms act in concert, creating early life damage / failures. This paper shares some details from case studies on existing tanks and the results of the lab work to help pinpoint and identify the primary cause of such failures. The goal of this project was to approach this problem holistically.

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Aluminum Mold Corrosion And Protection

Product Number: 51321-16787-SG

Author: Zhangzhang Yin; Bingzhi Wang; Xuejun Wang; Anthony Kouba

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Online Conference Paper

Association for Materials Protection and Performance