AMPP Store - NACE Conference Papers

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Intelligent Corrosion Prediction using Bayesian Belief Networks

Product Number: 51319-13372-SG

Author: Michael Smith

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Accurate knowledge of corrosion location severity cause and growth rate is critical to pipeline integrity and in‑line inspection (ILI) is widely regarded as the most reliable and convenient method of obtaining such knowledge. Much industry effort has therefore centred on improving the metal loss detection and sizing capabilities of ILI tools.However when ILI data are lacking or unattainable operators must seek alternative ways to monitor the integrity of an asset. For managing internal corrosion Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ICDA) is perhaps the best known alternative. ICDA employs the engineering analyses of corrosion and flow modelling to identify areas at high risk from internal corrosion. The highest priority areas are excavated and directly examined in order to establish the condition of the pipeline. This combination of corrosion and flow modelling can be used to provide detailed corrosion predictions but in the absence of ILI data selection of excavation sites can be problematic. The inherent randomness and uncertainty in the models means that the outputs must often be overly conservative; consequently ICDA can be a costly process with no guarantee of quality.The shortcomings of ICDA (and related methods) create a need for a more reliable and accurate corrosion prediction solution which does not require a pipeline to be inspected using ILI. This paper explores the use of Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) for this purpose. BBNs are graphical models capable of integrating expert knowledge and data into a single system; ‘expert knowledge’ is captured through industry standard corrosion modelling techniques while ‘data’ is captured through historical ILIs for piggable pipelines. A trained BBN can then be used to make predictions for pipelines without ILI data based on a knowledge of their operational conditions alone.Using case studies on real pipelines it is demonstrated that BBNs can lead to more intelligent predictions of internal corrosion behaviour and improved pipeline integrity management decisions.

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Interaction of a Faulty AC Power Conditioning Capacitor Bank with Welded Steel Pipeline

Product Number: 51321-16221-SG

Author: Cal Chapman, P. E.

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Interfacial and Corrosion Characterization of Zinc Rich-Epoxy Primers with Carbon Nanotubes Exposed to Marine Bacteria

Product Number: 51317--9465-SG

ISBN: 9465 2017 CP

Author: Homero Castaneda-Lopez

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

In this work, a marine environment due to the presence of marine bacteria was exposed to three zinc-rich epoxy coated-steel samples with different carbon nanotube additions. The electrochemical activity was monitored by using open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

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Internal Corrosion of Copper-Nickel Alloys Tubes 90/10 and 70/30 in Chlorinated Seawater for Heat Exchangers

Product Number: 51319-13338-SG

Author: Dominique Thierry

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The corrosion resistance of copper-nickel 90/70 and 70/30 tubes for heat exchangers was evaluated in 0.5 ppm-chlorinated seawater under controlled service conditions in bespoke test loop. Copper-Nickel 90/10 tubes were tested with two different geometries: internal smooth surface and internal finned surface (helix geometry). Internal pitting corrosion resistance was evaluated under two controlled heat fluxes from the internal and the external parts of the tubes for 6 months at 65°C(Tskin-out)/50°C(Tskinin)/35°C(Tseawater) and 105°C(Tskin-out)/70°C(Tskin-in)/35°C(Tseawater). For all the tested copper alloys the uniform corrosion was extremely low and negligible. For both heat fluxes CuNi 90/10 was globally more resistant to localized corrosion than CuNi70/30. The most corrosion resistant configuration was the CuNi 90/10 with the finned internal geometry. The best corrosion resistance compared to the smooth geometry might be attributed to different hydrodynamic conditions at the seawater/metal interface.

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Internal Corrosion Threat Assessment Using Operational Data and Comparison with ILI Results

Product Number: 51315-6001-SG

ISBN: 6001 2015 CP

Author: Dharma Abayarathna

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

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Internal Corrosivity Assessment and Ranking of Crude Pipeline

Product Number: 51317--9225-SG

ISBN: 9225 2017 CP

Author: Abdul Razzaq Al-Shamari

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper will discuss the effectivity of ranking the crude pipelines due to their product corrosivity based on certain parameters such as corrosion coupons, cleaning pig deposit sampling analyses, microbial activity and previous ILI records.

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Internal Installation Pressure Effects on Composite Repairs

Product Number: 51319-12986-SG

Author: Brad Whelan

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Most composite repair installations take place with some amount of pressure in the pipe. The traditional design standards ASME PCC-2 4.1 and ISO 24817 each provide a design equation that includes consideration of installation pressure but the equations up to this point have been theoretical only and never tested. It is important to note that in the equations an increasing installation pressure acts to reduce the required composite repair thickness. This experimental test program studied the effects of internal pipe pressure during installation on composite reinforcement systems to verify if the performance of the repair was maintained when applied to simulated corrosion defects. The full-scale testing analyzed the effects on the burst pressure and the cyclic pressure fatigue life of a pipe with a 50% wall loss simulated corrosion defect. The installation pressures considered were varied from 0 up to 50% SMYS. The results of the test are presented and recommendations given for design use in future works.

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Internal Lining Damage Investigation of 24inch Jet Fuel Pipelines

Product Number: 51317--9061-SG

ISBN: 9061 2017 CP

Author: Mushaid Nauman

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper represents the analysis and investigation of two pack epoxy internal lining damage on two new build 24” fuel hydrant system (FHS) pipelines. A leak in a nearby 36” irrigation line during construction caused water flooding in the open trench containing the FHS pipelines.

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Internal Visual Inspection of Field Girth Welds using Wireless Crawler Robot

Product Number: MPWT19-15001

Author: Ahmed F. Al-Rashidi, Turki F. Al-Shehri, Isa H. Al-Mudaibegh, Dr. Aziz U. Rehman

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

The integrity of new pipeline projects is critical to Saudi Aramco to avoid any short or long-term impact on the supply of energy. During construction activities, pipeline internal welding inspection is carried out in compliance with international and Saudi Aramco requirements. The visual inspection of internally cladded girth welded pipes requires extra care to avoid any improper field fabrication errors during welding, especially at the root pass area. Such errors can limit the inspection capability and compromise the integrity of pipeline network with possible degradation of corrosion resistance at/near the weld rot, resulting in premature failures. Currently, projects utilize conventional tools such as borescope which is time consuming with limited inspection capabilities (up to 150 meters inside the pipe) and system maneuverability at inspection locations.
The Saudi Aramco Inspection Department enhanced their active inspection technology program and collaborated with a local technology developer. They trialed a wireless crawler robot, which is a high resolution remotely operated robot capable of inspecting internal girth welds with 5000 meters travel capability inside the pipes. The robot can inspect internal girth welds in the field, and inside pipelines with internal diameters of 6 inches and above, and wirelessly transmits the visual inspection results to the outside control room for a timely assessment and critical decision making. The internal visual inspection with wireless crawler robot will help in improving the project progress, reducing repair costs, by identifying defective welds before coating application.

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Interpretation and Selection of Direct Examination Locations with Respect to ECDA Methodology

Product Number: 51317--9304-SG

ISBN: 9304 2017 CP

Author: Chukwuma Onuoha

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper presents advances in the interpretation of indirect inspection data and selection of ECDA direct examination locations and how the accurate selection of locations most susceptible to external corrosion would improve pipeline integrity.

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Interpretation of Electrical Codes for Cathodic Protection Installations

Product Number: 51319-13187-SG

Author: Matt Viveiros

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Cathodic protection (CP) systems are often a vital component of integrity management programs for oil sands facilities. The electrical components of these systems must be designed and installed in accordance with regional electrical codes such as the Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) or the National Electrical Code (NEC). The CEC and NEC include limited direction on the electrical requirements for CP systems. This paper examines installations of typical CP components and suggests ways in which the CEC and NEC can be interpreted. It is demonstrated that interpretation of electrical requirements for CP systems can be difficult. To help improve compliance and understanding future revisions of these codes should provide additional guidance for the design and installation of CP systems.

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Interpreting Omic Data for Microbially Influenced Corrosion: Lessons from a Case Study

Product Number: 51317--9445-SG

ISBN: 9445 2017 CP

Author: Craig Bartling

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

In this study, sequencing was performed both with and without 16S rDNA gene amplification. Following bioinformatics testing, the resulting data showed dramatically different results when comparing the 16S sequence data to the shotgun-based sequence data.

NACE Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance