AMPP Store - NACE Conference Papers

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Hydrogen Permeation and Binding Energy Study on OCTG High Strength Steel

Product Number: 51319-12908-SG

Author: Elizabeth Trillo

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) high strength steels are susceptible to hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) due to hydrogen ingress as a result of exposure to environmental conditions (cathodic protection (CP) and/or H2S environments) and as such are prone to failure. In order to address the potential cracking susceptibility a study was performed to understand fundamental parameters such as steady state hydrogen permeation flux hydrogen concentrations and hydrogen trap binding energies of the high strength steel under charging conditions. Electrochemical permeation testing was performed on unstressed and 80%AYS stressed C110 pipe steel using an applied charging current density of 0.5 mA/cm2 in a 1M H2SO4 test solution at 75 F. Comparisons between the stressed and unstressed samples showed that there were no significant differences in steady state flux (Jss) and calculated hydrogen concentration for this charging condition. Further testing was performed to measure hydrogen uptake and time to saturation under the same charging conditions using the Si Oil Method. Subsequent laser thermal desorption spectroscopy (LTDS) was performed at the saturation point and at several temperature scan rates in order to calculate the hydrogen trap binding energies (Eb). Similar testing was performed on P110 material to assess the possibility that differences in Eb are detectable and relatable to HAC.Key words: High Strength Steels Electrochemical Permeation Testing Hydrogen Assisted Cracking CP environment.

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Hydrogen Pipeline In-Line Inspection Case Study

Product Number: 51321-16820-SG

Author: Russell D. Morris; Tod Barker

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Hydrogen Stress Cracking Resistance Of High Strength Alloys For Subsea Fasteners

Product Number: 51321-16709-SG

Author: Thierry Cassagne, Dominique Thierry

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

Bolted connections for subsea flanges and other components must be reliable as they are often used for pressure containing components (subsea Christmas trees, connectors …). When possible, the primary choice for bolting is low-alloy steel with a limitation of actual yield strength (135 ksi) and a maximum hardness of 34 HRC to prevent HSC.

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Hydrogen Trapping in Heat Treated and Deformed Armco Iron

Product Number: 51319-13083-SG

Author: Wolfgang Siegl

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of microstructure on hydrogen trapping in Armco iron by analyzing the trapping ability of grain boundaries and dislocations. Hydrogen traps were introduced into the material by systematically subjecting it to various grades of heat treatment and mechanical deformation. By combining different treatment steps (annealing at different temperatures cold rolling at various deformation degrees severe plastic deformation) a wide range of different grain sizes and dislocation densities was created.SEM EBSD TEM and XRD imaging were carried out to obtain a detailed characterization of the microstructure and an estimation of dislocation densities.Electrochemical permeation experiments and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) were performed to render a classification and characterization of hydrogen traps. Electrochemical permeation yields information on the diffusivity of hydrogen in the material and the influence of traps on the diffusivity. An experimental setup according to Devanathan and Stachurski was used.TDS allows the estimation of the amount of hydrogen stored in the different traps and the determination of the trap’s binding energy for hydrogen.By combining the information on the microstructure obtained from the material characterization with the results of the permeation experiments and TDS as well as a model based data interpretation the trapping efficiency of grain boundaries and dislocations in iron can be precisely determined.

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Hydrogeochemical Modelling to Monitor Scaling and Corrosion during Geothermal Energy Production

Product Number: 51317--9044-SG

ISBN: 9044 2017 CP

Author: Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Suitability and potential benefit of using hydrogeochemical modelling to monitor scaling and corrosion during geothermal exploration and production in the high-salinity geothermal area of the North German Basin was explored.

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Identification And Characterization Of Planktonic And Sessile Consortium Associated With Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) In The Oil And Gas Industry

Product Number: 51321-16544-SG

Author: Soler Arango J./ Saavedra A.U./ Pagliaricci M.C./ Fernández F.A./ Morris W./ Vargas

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Identifying Potential Inhalation and Hearing Hazards In Abrasive Blasting Operations: A Supplement to “The Use of Personal Protective Equipment and Regulations & Standards Affecting Safe Abrasive Blasting

Product Number: 41212-673-SG

Author: Thomas E. Enger

Publication Date: 2012

$20.00

This article supplements the article entitled “The Use of Personal Protective Equipment and Regulations and Standards Affecting Safe Abrasive Blasting,” This supplement focuses on protecting workers from exposure to inhalation and noise hazards during surface preparation work in coating operations. For easy reference, a guide to common acronyms and terms appears at the end of this article.

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Impact of CO2 Partial Pressure on Electrochemical Measurements at High Temperatures

Product Number: 51320-14584-SG

Author: Peng Jin, Carlos M. Menendez, Zhengwei Liu, Sunder Ramachandran

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

Laboratory testing of corrosion inhibitors under high temperature high pressure (HTHP) conditions is challenging. HTHP testing has been traditionally performed in closed systems with fixed liquid/gas volume and testing results are usually influenced/compromised by the accumulation of ferrous ions and corrosion products. The aim of the work is to optimize corrosion inhibitor testing conditions at HTHP to generate results of better reliability. The corrosion of carbon steel by CO2 at HTHP was assessed using small working electrodes of large liquid volume-to-sample surface area in autoclaves. The effect of CO2 partial pressure was also investigated. The blank and inhibited corrosion rates were monitored by linear polarization resistance (LPR) and the morphology of coupon surface was measured by vertical scanning interferometry (VSI). The testing results were deemed to be more representative of the field service environment when the amount of ferrous ions and corrosion products was reduced due to the usage of small working electrodes.

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Impact of Foam Trench Breakers and Ditch Pads on Pipeline Cathodic Protection

Product Number: 51317--9002-SG

ISBN: 9002 2017 CP

Author: James Ellor

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The testing covers the impacts of various commercial Structural polyurethane foam materials on cathodic protection current distribution on coated pipelines based on laboratory testing of key performance parameters.

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Impact of Internal CO2 Corrosion of Mild Steel Pipelines on Solid Hydrate Particles

Product Number: 51321-16391-SG

Author: Zachary Aman/Bruce Norris/Mariano Iannuzzi/Eric May

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Impact of Novel Sulphidogenesis-Inhibitory Chemistries on Souring and MIC

Product Number: 51318-11183-SG

Author: Brett Geissler / Alicia Jones

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) presents risk to operators and infrastructure in many industries. This work shows the continued potential of novel sulphidogenesis-inhibitory compounds and recent gains towards decreasing the impact of H2S production and on MIC.

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Impact of O2 Content on Corrosion Behavior of X65 Mild Steel in Gaseous, Liquid and Supercritical CO2 environments

Product Number: 51320-14433-SG

Author: Xiu Jiang, Dingrong Qu , Xiaoliang Song

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

CO2 stream in CCS system usually contains impurities, such as water, O2, SO2, NO2, H2S, and other trace substances, which could pose a threat to internal corrosion and integrity of CO2 transportation pipelines. The general and localized corrosion behavior of API 5L X65 mild steel were evaluated using an autoclave both in water-saturated CO2 and CO2-saturated water environments in the presence of varying concentrations of O2. Experiments were performed at 25 °C and 35 °C, 8 MPa and 35 °C, 4 MPa to simulate the conditions encountered during dense, supercritical and gaseous CO2 transport. General corrosion rates were obtained by weight-loss method. The surface morphology of the coupons was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that general corrosion rates at each O2 concentration in CO2-saturated water environment were much higher than those in water-saturated CO2 environment. The corrosion rates did not increase with increasing O2 concentration from 0 to 2000 ppm; instead the corrosion rate reached a maximum with 1000 ppm O2 at 25 °C, 8 MPa and 50 ppm O2 at 35 °C, 8 MPa in water-saturated CO2 environment and 50 ppm at 25 °C, 8 MPa and 100 ppm at 35 °C, 8 MPa in CO2-saturated water environment. However, the change trend of general corrosion rate with O2 content at 35 °C, 4 MPa was different from that in 25 °C and 35 °C, 8 MPa both in water-saturated CO2 and CO2-saturated water environments. Localized corrosion or general corrosion rate of over 0.1 mm/y was identified at each test condition both in a water-saturated CO2 and CO2-saturated water environments. When O2 was added, coupon surfaces were covered by a more porous corrosion product scale. A final series of tests conducted with the addition of 100 ppm and 2000 ppm O2 in CO2 environment with 60% relative humidity (RH) and 80% RH revealed that no localized corrosion was observed and the general corrosion rates were lower than 0.1 mm/y at 25 °C and 35 °C, 8

NACE Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance