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Picture for Estimating Corrosion Rate Risk Distributions using Machine Learning and Geospatial Analytics
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Estimating Corrosion Rate Risk Distributions using Machine Learning and Geospatial Analytics

Product Number: 51320-14640-SG
Author: Joseph Mazzella, Thomas Hayden, Haralampos Tsaprailis, Len Krissa
Publication Date: 2020
$20.00

Estimating corrosion growth rates for underground pipelines is a challenging problem. There are confounding variables with complex interaction effects that may result in unexpected outcomes. For instance, the relationship between soil conditions and AC interference is highly non-linear and challenging to model. This work expands upon prior work using a suite of machine learning tools to estimate corrosion rates. However, instead of estimating a single corrosion growth rate for a single girth weld address (GWA), this work estimates a distribution of potential corrosion growth rates. Modeling distributions provide a more effective risk-measurement framework, especially concerning high volatility or areas of severe tail risk. 

This work relies heavily on machine learning and geospatial tools - particularly artificial neural networks and gradient boosted trees to estimate the corrosion rates and non-linear processes. Building upon prior work using data from a North American Operator, the models in this paper use additional variables from recent research in AC interference and microbiologically influenced corrosion to construct a higher accuracy and distribution-based model of pipeline corrosion risk. 
Picture for Estimating Corrosion Rates for Underground Pipelines: A Machine Learning Approach
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Estimating Corrosion Rates for Underground Pipelines: A Machine Learning Approach

Product Number: 51319-13456-SG
Author: Joseph Mazzella, Len Krissa, Thomas Hayden, Haralampos Tsaprailis
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Estimating corrosion growth rate for underground pipelines is a non-linear multivariate problem. There are many potential confounding variables such as soil parameters cathodic protection AC/DC interference seasonal / climate conditions and proximity to unique geographic features such as wetlands or polluted environments. The work presented provides an approach for estimating underground corrosion growth rates using a dataset of observations from a North American pipeline operator. Extensive geospatial data is utilized that has been obtained from public and private sources and extrapolated using Inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation. This work presents a model using IDW to estimate parameters involving soil interference geography and climate factors for any location in North America.Using this data this work then presents several different machine learning approaches including Generalized Linear Models eXtreme Boosted Trees and Neural Networks. All three provide an accurate estimation for corrosion growth rates for an underground asset at any latitude and longitude pair in North America. Each method comes with potential benefits and pitfalls specifically; trade-offs between model accuracy and transparency. This work presents a framework for comparing geo-spatial and machine learning estimates. Findings and a framework are provided for owners to assess how to think machine learning on their own assets.
Picture for Estimating Metal Loss in a Marine Environment for Structural Integrity Analyses
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Estimating Metal Loss in a Marine Environment for Structural Integrity Analyses

Product Number: 51317--9003-SG
ISBN: 9003 2017 CP
Author: James Ellor
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

The following paper discusses models and procedures for estimating the corrosion-related metal loss and loss patterns on carbon steel exposed in a marine environment. This includes immersion and atmospheric exposure and the impact of coatings.
Picture for Estimating the Financial Risk Reductions Associated with Cathodic Protection Programs
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Estimating the Financial Risk Reductions Associated with Cathodic Protection Programs

Product Number: 51320-14546-SG
Author: Parth Iyer, Yoko Nakazato, Han Wu, Millan Sen, Len Krissa
Publication Date: 2020
$20.00

On an increasingly frequent basis, pipeline operators are using risk-based decision making to prioritize cross-company expenditures. Due to the long-term mitigation benefits of Cathodic Protection (CP), when planning external corrosion mitigation activities, pipeline operators typically prioritize mitigation of deeper anomalies for integrity expenditures due to their higher Probability of Failure (PoF). However, anomalies that are not receiving adequate CP or those experiencing electrical interference may remain unaddressed using this rationale. This paper presents both a qualitative and semi-quantitative approach to support the quantification of the risk reduction benefits gained from external corrosion prevention on pipelines. This can help in the efficient prioritization of both pro-active and re-active integrity repair activities. Supporting examples are also discussed to help explain the intended use of the methodology and the interpretation of the results.
Picture for Evaluate Ammonium Chloride Corrosion Potential with Water Partial Pressure
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Evaluate Ammonium Chloride Corrosion Potential with Water Partial Pressure

Product Number: 51317--8960-SG
ISBN: 8960 2017 CP
Author: Huang Lin
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

In conjunction with the water dew point line, a simplified ammonium chloride corrosion chart has been developed to evaluate ammonium chloride corrosion potential at different temperatures with different water partial pressures.
Picture for Evaluating Corrosion Under Protective Coatings for Steel in Marine Environments
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Evaluating Corrosion Under Protective Coatings for Steel in Marine Environments

Product Number: 51317--9005-SG
ISBN: 9005 2017 CP
Author: James Ellor
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

Destructive physical inspection for corrosion under protective coatings post-exposure suggests that significant metal loss may be occurring in the absence of a visual indication and that actual corrosion/material loss does not correlate with the visual inspection data.
Picture for Evaluating Drying Time of Residual Hydrotest Water in Pipeline Crevices and Dead Legs Picture for Evaluating Drying Time of Residual Hydrotest Water in Pipeline
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Evaluating Drying Time of Residual Hydrotest Water in Pipeline Crevices and Dead Legs

Product Number: 51317--8958-SG
ISBN: 8958 2017 CP
Author: Xihua He
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

This work evaluated the effectiveness of the dewatering process after hydrotesting and examined the internal corrosion threat posed by residual water trapped in crevices - and water pushed into a dead leg – of a pipeline.
Evaluating Hull Coatings for Precise Impact on Vessel Performance
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Evaluating Hull Coatings for Precise Impact on Vessel Performance

Product Number: 41206-269-SG
Author: Torben Munk
Publication Date: 2006
$20.00

Focusing on the invention of new measurement methods in order to analyze hull coating efficiency more precisely is one approach. However, it is possible to treat performance data from in-situ observations carried out at specified intervals onboard any vessel (over 10,000 dwt) by means of a data collection protocol. 
Picture for Evaluating The Corrosion Performance Of Materials In Solar Nitrate Salts
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Evaluating The Corrosion Performance Of Materials In Solar Nitrate Salts

Product Number: 51321-16570-SG
Author: Keenan O’Neill/ John Groth/ Helena Alves/ Dev Chidambaram
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Evaluating the Effect of Chloride Content on the Performance of Corrosion Inhibitors during Hydrostatic Testing
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Evaluating the Effect of Chloride Content on the Performance of Corrosion Inhibitors during Hydrostatic Testing

Product Number: 51321-16464-SG
Author: John Wulterkens; Casey Heurung
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Evaluating The Flaw Tolerance And Ductile Tearing Resistance Of Austenitic Stainless-Steel Welds
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Evaluating The Flaw Tolerance And Ductile Tearing Resistance Of Austenitic Stainless-Steel Welds

Product Number: 51321-16811-SG
Author: Phillip E. Prueter, P.E.; Nathaniel G. Sutton; Paul J. Kowalski
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Evaluation of 316L and 2205 Steels Under Flow Effects in Caustic Environments
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Evaluation of 316L and 2205 Steels Under Flow Effects in Caustic Environments

Product Number: 51317--9158-SG
ISBN: 9158 2017 CP
Author: Bedi Aydin Baykal
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

To better understand the mechanism of erosion-corrosion, electrochemical tests were performed on UNS G10180, UNS S31603 and UNS S32205, used in the construction of pulp/paper machinery components exposed to caustic environments.
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