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Effect of the Substitution of Ni by N and Mn in Lean Duplex Stainless Steels on SCC Assisted by H2S

Product Number: 51317--8943-SG

ISBN: 8943 2017 CP

Author: Fiona Ruel

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Measurement of uniform corrosion resistance in the presence of H2S, through polarization curves, and slip steps height and spacing, through Atomic Force Microscopy technique (AFM) have been performed.

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Effect of the Superduplex Microstructure on the Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility

Product Number: 51319-13062-SG

Author: Pauline Huguenin

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Superduplex stainless steel UNS S32750 / EN 1.4410 presents very high corrosion resistance together with elevated mechanical strength making it especially suited for subsea systems. Despite the material excellent properties a number of in-service failures have been recorded especially when it is subjected to cathodic protection. This grade is also known to be sensitive to intermetallic phase precipitation e.g. σ-phase whose deleterious effect is well documented. Therefore manufacturers have optimized metallurgical routes to deliver superduplex products free from intermetallic phases. However very few residual particles may be present under the form of centerline intermetallic stringers and their effect on hydrogen embrittlement is not well documented.The present study aims at evaluating the influence of the intermetallic phases in centerline stringers on the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of superduplex stainless steel. Heat treatment have been performed on superduplex sheets in order to obtain different configurations of intermetallic phase – free from σ-phase presence of centerline intermetallic stringers presence of σ-phase over the full thickness. Specimens have been then tested by means of slow strain rate tensile test in simulated deep sea water (0.5 M NaCl 4 °C) under cathodic polarization at -1100 mV/SCE. All duplex microstructures and fracture surfaces were investigated using low and high magnification microscopy. The strain to fracture is estimated by the section reduction at the fracture surface and the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility is defined for each microstructure as the reduction of the strain to fracture compared to a reference test in deionized water at 4 °C (RAR).With the presence of hydrogen fracture mode changes from ductile to transgranular quasi-cleavage. No effect of centerline intermetallic stringers (up to 0.08% of sigma σ-phase) on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility has been measured.Considering the sample with σ-phase over the full thickness the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement is artificially high due to the low initial ductility measured in the reference test. Therefore the influence of hydrogen was only insignificant as observed on the fracture surface which remains ductile.

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Effect of Thiosulfate on Metastable Pitting in Chloride Containing Environment

Product Number: 51315-5971-SG

ISBN: 5971 2015 CP

Author: Yushu Wang

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

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Effect of Thiosulfate on the Pitting Corrosion of Nickel Base Alloys in Chloride Solutions

Product Number: 51317--9036-SG

ISBN: 9036 2017 CP

Author: Mariano Kappes

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Pitting corrosion susceptibility of UNS N06600, UNS N06690 and UNS N08800 was studied in pure 1 M NaCl with and without Na2S2O3 additions. The alloys were tested in the as-received (AR), solution annealed (SA) and aged (SA + A) conditions.

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Effect of Time on High Temperature Naphthenic Acid and Sulfur Corrosion of Carbon Steel under Continuous Oil Flow Conditions

Product Number: 51321-16413-SG

Author: Prince Kumar Baranwal/Winston Robbins/Gheorghe Bota

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Effect of Trench Breaker Foams on Pipeline Cathodic Protection

Product Number: 51317--9381-SG

ISBN: 9381 2017 CP

Author: Sujay Math

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Two different types of foams, open cell (low density) and closed cell (high density), were used. The testing was conducted on two FBE-coated pipelines buried in a trench with various foaming system combinations applied as breakers.

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Effect of Various Engineering Design Variables on Oxidation in High Temperature Supercritical CO2

Product Number: 51319-13243-SG

Author: Florent Bocher

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Various type of specimens were exposed at 450°C and 1100 psi in pure supercritical CO2(sCO2) for over 1 month. The exposure was performed in order to assess the effect of various variables on the oxidation of materials used in supercritical CO2 at high temperature.Variable such as temperature and pressure are fairly well covered in the literature. Other identified variables such as contaminants and coatings have been partially addressed. Additional variables of interest such as welding stress corrosion cracking galvanic issues or crevices have not been studied.Welding changes the local microstructure due to the high temperature in the vicinity of the weld. The chromium will diffuse to the grain boundaries and the chromium concentration in the matrix will drop significantly. Consequently the corrosion resistance near the weld will drop. Since welding will likely be used in the manufacturing process it is recommended to test coupons containing the heat affected zone near a weld.Galvanic corrosion occurs when two materials with different electrochemical potentials are in contact with a corrosive environment. There is usually very little change in corrosion rates when materials with similar composition are in contact. However there may be some issue in the case of nickel alloys/stainless steel couples. It has also been suggested in the literature that galvanic corrosion may not be an issue because sCO2is not considered an electrolyte. However it may be of interest to electrically couple two samples of different material (stainless steel and nickel alloy) and measure the weight change of each sample individually after exposure to assess galvanic corrosion.Stress corrosion cracking combines the effect of applied stresses and corrosive environment leading to accelerated crack growth of a susceptible material due to its microstructure.Crevice corrosion may occur within the occluded site of two sandwiched specimens of identical material.Mass loss micro-hardness and SEM/EDS inspection of the specimen cross sections were used to measure the extent of oxidation. The welded specimens wee of both martensitic stainless steel 410 and austenitic stainless steel 310. The galvanic corrosion specimens were stainless steel 410 coupled to nickel alloy 625. The crevice corrosion specimens were two martensitic alloy 410 specimens coupled together. Stress corrosion cracking was studied using C-ring specimens.

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Effect of W on Phase Transformation Kinetics and Its Correlation With Localized Corrosion Resistance for UNS S39274

Product Number: 51319-13233-SG

Author: Cristian Torres

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Previous research in 25Cr Super Duplex Stainless Steels (SDSS) has shown that an optimal W concentration—as an element in solid solution—exists in which W improves localized corrosion resistance. Outside this range W is either ineffective or even detrimental. However the mechanisms by which W improves localized corrosion resistance are unclear. For example debate still exists as to whether W enhances passivity or facilitates repassivation. Furthermore it is even less clear whether W accelerates or retards the precipitation of deleterious phases such as χ– and σ–phase.The objective of this investigation is to elucidate the influence of W on phase transformation kinetics and its corresponding effect on crevice corrosion resistance. Herein two SDSS have been investigated: a W-free (UNS S32750) and a 2.1 wt% W-containing (UNS S39274) grade. First different isothermal heat treatments were performed to force the precipitation of tertiary phases in the microstructure. The alloy microstructure was analyzed and quantified by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and the type distribution and volume fraction of deleterious phases quantified.After characterization creviced samples—as per ISO 18070—were exposed to natural seawater extracted from 80 meters depth from the Trondheim Fjord. Creviced samples were exposed under three different conditions; 1) freely exposed at OCP ii) polarized to +300 mVAg/AgCl and iii) polarized to +600 mVAg/AgCl. During the exposure the potential evolution was monitored for all samples while the anodic current was measured for ii) and iii). The critical crevice temperature (CCT) was determined by increasing the solution temperature in 5ºC per week until crevice corrosion initiation was observed. After initiation the temperature was decreased 2.5ºC every 48 hours until repassivation was achieved. The temperature at which crevice corrosion ceased to grow was defined as the critical crevice repassivation temperature (CCRT).

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Effect of Water Soluble Salts Affecting Long-Term Durability of Epoxy Coating on Carbon Steels

Product Number: 51317--9284-SG

ISBN: 9284 2017 CP

Author: Chuljung Kim

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The effect of soluble salts on long-term durability of carbon steels coated with epoxy paint. A surface was contaminated by different soluble salt concentrations. Based on NORSOK M-501 and ISO 20340, immersion and cathodic disbonding test were done for 6 months.

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Effective Inorganic Salt Corrosion Inhibitors for Titanium Components Exposed to Dilute Hydrofluoric Acid Well Stimulation Fluids

Product Number: 51317--8978-SG

ISBN: 8978 2017 CP

Author: Ronald Schutz

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This laboratory corrosion test screening program is specifically aimed at identifying practical, common inorganic salts which, when added to warm dilute HF solutions, provides effective corrosion inhibition for UNS R56404(ASTM Grade 29 Titanium).

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Effective Relationships Between Applicators, Inspectors, Owners and coating Manufacturer Representatives

Product Number: 41205-192-SG

Author: Jonathan Palo

Publication Date: 2005

$20.00

Successful relationships are dependent upon effective communication between all the parties involved in an industrial maintenance painting project. Owner expectations can only be met when the parties involved work together to meet basic project requirements.

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Effective Shop and Field Solutions for Compliance to OSHA 1926.754

Product Number: 41206-228-SG

Author: Laura Costello

Publication Date: 2006

$20.00

For almost two decades, organizations supporting the ironworker’s industry have sought constructive solutions to improve the footing for ironworkers during erection of structural steel. This issue, specifically as it relates to the coatings industry, is the loss of traction between the ironworker’s footwear and the coated steel beam, and the potential for the worker of falling to their death as a result of slipping on wet or damp coated steel beam surfaces.

NACE Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance