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Picture for Corrosion Looping for Down Stream Petroleum Plants: An Enigma for RBI Engineers A Perspective From
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Corrosion Looping for Down Stream Petroleum Plants: An Enigma for RBI Engineers A Perspective From the Review of Mechanical Integrity Systems

Product Number: 51317--9178-SG
ISBN: 9178 2017 CP
Author: Muazu Mohammed
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

A review of the issues in the implementations of Risk Based Inspection (RBI) system for refineries and petrochemicals - to simplify and harmonize corrosion loops (as captured on Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs)) and corrosion circuits as captured in piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs).
Picture for Corrosion Management in Hydrocracking and Hydroprocessing Units
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Corrosion Management in Hydrocracking and Hydroprocessing Units

Product Number: MPWT19-14442
Author: Hendrik J. Debruyn
Publication Date: 2019
$0.00

Hydrocracking and other refinery hydroprocessing units have a common goal to convert organic sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that can be removed, thereby producing low-sulfur refinery products. Corrosion and equipment degradation risks range from high-temperature hydrogen attacks (HTHA) to ammonium bisulfide and ammonium chloride corrosion in the downstream heat recovery and fluid separation equipment.
This paper provides an overview of corrosion management principles that can be applied to reduce operating risks in new and existing units, focusing equipment susceptible to ammonium bisulfide (NH4HS) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) corrosion. Best practices for materials selection, as well as designing for corrosion management through adequate provision of corrosion management related instrumentation and sampling points are covered.
Picture for Corrosion Mitigation Of Deepwater, 143-Km Long Multiphase Pipelines
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Corrosion Mitigation Of Deepwater, 143-Km Long Multiphase Pipelines

Product Number: 51321-16520-SG
Author: Alyn Jenkins/ Marcus Rossiter/ William Cardwell/ Michael Reid/ Brian Messenger
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Corrosion Mitigation Strategies in Forced Oxidation Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Absorbers Made of U
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Corrosion Mitigation Strategies in Forced Oxidation Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Absorbers Made of UNS S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel

Product Number: 51315-5947-SG
ISBN: 5947 2015 CP
Author: Brett Tossey
Publication Date: 2015
$0.00
Picture for Corrosion Monitoring From The Comfort Of Your Office, Home Or Car
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Corrosion Monitoring From The Comfort Of Your Office, Home Or Car

Product Number: 51321-16519-SG
Author: Art Leach
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Corrosion Monitoring of Oil Storage Tanks
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Corrosion Monitoring of Oil Storage Tanks

Product Number: 51319-12822-SG
Author: C Brossia
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Corrosion of oil storage tanks used to store crude oil and produced water in an operating oil field were identified as a potential safety issue when inspection results indicated significant wall loss due to internal corrosion. Corrosion was noted to be particularly severe in the lower sections of some tanks where sludge layers were believed to have formed. Previous attempts to monitor for corrosion using mass loss coupons and acoustic emission were found to provide less than adequate information regarding corrosion risk. Corrosion monitoring using alternate approaches utilized to provide additional information regarding possible corrosion of the tank at different locations within the tanks.
Picture for Corrosion Monitoring of Tied-Arch Bridge Hanger Anchor Systems
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Corrosion Monitoring of Tied-Arch Bridge Hanger Anchor Systems

Product Number: 51319-12820-SG
Author: C Brossia
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Tied-arch bridges are widely used because of its capability of providing clear load path long span and high clearance. However the steel elements of a tied-arch bridge are subject to corrosion which could lead to accidental bridge failure or even collapse when coupled with other bad factors. Hanger anchors as the key elements along the load paths were usually tightly sealed in the anchorages during construction to protect them from corrosion attacks in their service life. This makes it very difficult to manually inspect the corrosion conditions of hanger anchors. Corrosion inspection of hanger anchors has been a blind spot in tied-arch bridge routine maintenance.Corrosion monitoring using different sensorsystems was utilized to provide bridge owners with awareness of possible corrosion of hanger anchors allowing them to make informed maintenance decisions accordingly thus increasing bridge operational safety.
Picture for Corrosion of a Ni-P Coating in Aerated vs Non-Aerated Geothermal Steam
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Corrosion of a Ni-P Coating in Aerated vs Non-Aerated Geothermal Steam

Product Number: 51319-12857-SG
Author: Keith Lichti
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

A Ni-P coating was applied to coupons made from a common valve stem material used for geothermal steam that was known to experience localised pitting corrosion in the valve stem packing area. The coated coupons were exposed in wet low pressure geothermal steam test chambers at the Broadlands Ohaaki well BR22 test site in New Zealand with and without 3% of added air. This paper documents the properties of the tested Ni-P coating and presents corrosion performance comparisons for aerated vs non-aerated geothermal steam with reference to the anticipated valve stem environment.
Picture for Corrosion of Armour Wire Steel in the Annulus of Flexible Pipes at Near Neutral pH
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Corrosion of Armour Wire Steel in the Annulus of Flexible Pipes at Near Neutral pH

Product Number: 51319-13302-SG
$20.00

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel may occur at near neutral pH in deoxygenated solutions with high bicarbonate and iron (II) ion concentration. Similar conditions are encountered in the annular space of flexible pipes when it is filled with CO2 containing condensed water or seawater. The CO2 diffuses from the bore into the annulus through the polymer sheets. Corrosion of the armour wires in contact with the water will result in high levels of Fe2+ and bicarbonate (HCO3-). Several studies have indicated that SCC may occur in solutions with HCO3- concentration by the production of elemental hydrogen from the corrosion reaction. The objective of the present study was to investigate if such conditions can persist for sufficiently long time to induce SCC of armour wire steel. It implies that the nucleation and growth of siderite (FeCO3) is so slow that the solution remains supersaturated for days to weeks. At temperature lower than 40 °C at CO2 partial pressure 0.1-0.05 bar saturation ratios (SR) of siderite can remain much higher than 1 and maintain a near-neutral pH for long time. The conditions that may induce SCC in the annulus flexible pipes are thus possible but the corrosion rate of armour wire steel at these conditions was low at room temperature. Siderite precipitated at the steel surface and the cathodic reaction rate became diffusion controlled. However the pores present in the siderite layer may be suitable sites for the H+ reduction and adsorption of hydrogen in the material.
Picture for Corrosion Of Candidate Alloys For Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG) Reactor Under Batch-Mode Operation
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Corrosion Of Candidate Alloys For Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG) Reactor Under Batch-Mode Operation

Product Number: 51321-16779-SG
Author: Haoyang Li; Yimin Zeng; Xue Han; Minkang Liu; Chunbao (Charles) Xu
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Corrosion of Candidate Materials for Alkaline Water Electrolysis
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Corrosion of Candidate Materials for Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Product Number: 51319-13297-SG
Author: Morten Tjelta
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

In alkaline water electrolysis the capital expense (CAPEX) of the electrolyser unit is high and cost reduction wherever possible is highly desired. Many parts are made of expensive nickel-based alloys which in some cases may be an overly conservative option.Careful evaluation of the operating conditions may reveal that expensive alloys may be replaced by cheaper ones in parts of the system.In this paper the corrosion behaviour of candidate materials relevant for use in atmospheric and pressurizedalkaline water electrolysis systems is evaluated at typical operating conditions (i.e. 1-30 bar pressure 60‑80°C and 25 wt% KOH. The materials tested are one nickel base alloy (UNS N06625) one austenitic stainless steel (UNS S31603) one super duplex stainless steel (UNS S327X0) and one carbon steel (UNS K03014).Performance is evaluated based on mass loss corrosion and localized corrosion based on surface profilometry. Corrosion scales and their protectiveness are evaluated based on analysis using SEM/EDS and XRD. Also the different materials are compared using electrochemical techniques (critical pitting potential critical pitting temperature) as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure.
Picture for Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Alloys in Ammonium Chloride Salt
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Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Alloys in Ammonium Chloride Salt

Product Number: 51314-4007-SG
ISBN: 4007 2014 CP
Author: Kazuhiro Toba
Publication Date: 2014
$20.00

This study was conducted to determine the root cause of aggressive corrosion due to wet NH4Cl salt deposition in reactor effluent streams in hydroprocessing units. In addition corrosion resistance and behavior of carbon steel and alloys in high-concentration NH4Cl solutions were investigated.
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