AMPP Store - NACE Conference Papers

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Assessment of the Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking Resistance of Precipitation Hardened Nickel-based Alloys using the Slow Strain Rate Tensile Test Method – Influence of Microstructure

Product Number: 51319-13365-SG

Author: Ilaria Salvatori

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Within the framework of a Joint Industrial Project sponsored by several petroleum companies the behavior of several Precipitation Hardened (PH) Ni-based alloys with respect to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) resistance was studied using the Slow Strain Rate Tensile (SSRT) test method conducted under hydrogen charging conditions (applying a constant cathodic current density throughout the test). Among the test materials several industrial heats of UNS N07718 UNS N09945/945X UNS N09925 UNS N07725 were evaluated.A detailed microstructural analysis was performed on each heat at different levels involving SEM-FEG examinations at high magnification on etched samples to reveal the phases present at grain boundaries. Methodologies were developed to quantify the grain boundary coverage (length of precipitates at grain boundary divided by the total grain boundary length) and to study the distribution in size (equivalent diameter surface shape factor) of the grain boundary precipitates and applied to the studied materials.Elemental chemical analysis of the precipitates was also conducted by Energy Dispersive Xray spectrometry. Systematic fracture surface examinations were performed after SSRT tests under hydrogen charging conditions and compared to those obtained after SSRT tests in an inert environment.The performance of the different alloys with respect to HISC resistance is discussed on the basis of the plastic elongation obtained in the SSRT tests under cathodic polarization the microstructural features the cracking mode and the microstructural criteria given in the API 6A CRA standard.

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Assessment of the Operating Window of 13Cr- 1Mo 110 ksi Well Tubulars in a Mild Sour Gas Environment

Product Number: 51317--9242-SG

ISBN: 9242 2017 CP

Author: Mohammed Hubaishi

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Surveillance shows that 13Cr4Ni1Mo tubing material has been continuously exposed to H2S partial pressure above the threshold without reported failure. Discrepancy between laboratory test results and field experience, and practical interpretation are discussed.

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Atmospheric Corrosion Behaviour Of Zinc And Zinc Alloys: Comparison Between Natural And Accelerated Exposure

Product Number: 51321-16804-SG

Author: Marco Ormellese; Silvia Beretta; Tiziano Bellezze; Fabio Bolzoni

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Atmospheric Corrosion in the Laboratory and the Role of Mass Loss Coupons in Test Monitoring

Product Number: 51317--9125-SG

ISBN: 9125 2017 CP

Author: Sean Fowler

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A series of experiments was conducted to examine the repeatability of corrosion rates of various coupons, cleaning procedures prior to exposure inside a test chamber, and removal of corrosion byproducts after their exposure.

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Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steels

Product Number: 51317--8880-SG

ISBN: 8880 2017 CP

Author: Sandra Le Manchet

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper provides an overview of the main properties of duplex stainless steels in terms of chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties. Then, the results of an extensive atmospheric field test program are reported,

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Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel in Middle East: Result of Field Exposure Program

Product Number: 51317--8964-SG

ISBN: 8964 2017 CP

Author: Sukanya Mameng

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A marine site and a semi-marine site in the UAE and a rural site in Saudi Arabia were selected in this study. The field test results compare the atmospheric corrosion resistance of eight different stainless steel grades

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Atmospheric Corrosion Through the Eyes of a Computer Simulation

Product Number: 51321-16394-SG

Author: Agnieszka Franczak/Leslie Bortels/Christophe Baeté /Bart Van den Bossche

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Atmospheric Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Rate Analyses of Austenitic Stainless Steel

Product Number: 51317--9408-SG

ISBN: 9408 2017 CP

Author: Brian Somerday

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Chloride induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) is a significant problem. The objective of the work described in this paper was to further the understanding of atmospheric crack growth rate of stainless steel in a chloride-rich environment.

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AUTOMATION OF SPOOL WELDING

Product Number: MPWT19-14394

Author: Majed Al Sinan, Pierre Lefebvre

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

This paper presents basic information on fusion welding processes used to weld pressure pipes. More specifically, it looks at the technical improvements of the past 20 years. It details the changes to the GMAW process achieved when Lincoln Electric Company introduced the STT GMAW approach, which revolutionized the industry. It then explains how this new GMAW process allowed welding shops to achieve root pass penetration and fusion that rivaled those achieved with GTAW but with much higher productivity and far less experienced welders. The STT also facilitated the automatization of pressure pipe welding. We will show the impact on quality and productivity for carbon steel. This paper results from reviewing several research articles and from shop experiments performed in a welding shop in Hamriyah Free Zone UAE

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Avoid Potential Repeated Failure (Cracked Gas Compressor line) Through Proper Material Assessment

Product Number: MPWT19-14239

Author: Ahmed Elsharkawi, Amro Hassanein

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

The heat treatment condition of industrial materials is a critical parameter for material evaluation and its fitness for intended service. Proper heat treatment will produce desired mechanical and physical properties, while absence or improper heat treatment may lead to major failure with huge production, Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) impacts. We hereby explain an actual case for cracked gas compressor (CGC) 5th stage discharge line caustic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) that caused unplanned plant shut down and resulted in noticed financial and production loss.
The proven root cause is absence of normalization. Emergency piping batch is received and supposed to be normalized to avoid failure recurrence. Many discrepancies extracted from submitted material certificates, also many physical signs observed on the material itself raising doubts about received material compatibility. Using advanced Positive Material Identification (PMI) device to verify the chemical composition of the received material, results show that the material is questionable.
As a precise test to verify heat treatment condition, microstructure analysis test (metallography) conducted to confirm normalization condition of the material, the resulted grain structure size and growth confirm that one of the received pipes has improper or absence of normalization.
The material rejected as it is proven and confirmed that it is not normalized as per the requirements to avoid further potential of hydrocarbon leakage due to improper material specification. Rejecting the material eliminate the potential of having repeated failure, in addition to 600,000 Saudi Riyal (SR) cost saving as material cost. A common recommendation shared with concerned parties to consider metallography as a mandatory test to be submitted with heat-treated material test certificate (MTC).
Key words: Heat treatment, microstructure, normalization, grain structure, failure, metallography

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Ballast Tank Coating Inspection by Imaging Fluorescent Coatings

Product Number: 41205-169-SG

Author: Paul D. Gossen

Publication Date: 2005

$20.00

Improved holiday detection of new coatings in ballast tanks on Navy ships can increase the coating’s service life. This paper describes development of a fast, compact and portable holiday detector based on imaging of fluorescent coatings.

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Behaviour of Damaged Thermally Sprayed Aluminium (TSA) in Aerated and Deaerated Seawater

Product Number: 51319-12766-SG

Author: Shiladitya Paul

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Thermally sprayed aluminium (TSA) has been used in offshore oil and gas infrastructure for decades. Their effectiveness in mitigating corrosion of steel structures in presence of seawater has been proven over the years. However very little work is reported on the performance of TSA in other sectors where conditions are different and damage of such coatings is more likely such as monopoles of offshore wind turbines. Furthermore data on the performance of damaged TSA in conditions with limited dissolved oxygen such as in internal walls of monopiles is scarce. This paper addresses these knowledge gaps and reports the corrosion performance of damaged TSA in a simulated marine environment both in the presence and absence of dissolved oxygen. Holidays amounting to 3% of the sample area were drilled to expose the underlying carbon steel and the samples were exposed to synthetic seawater at 25°C. After testing examination of the sample revealed the formation of calcareous deposit in aerated condition on the exposed steel surface with no visible steel corrosion product. In the deaerated condition Mg-containing layers were formed on the exposed steel surface. Detailed microstructural characterisation of the deposit confirmed the formation of protective Ca- and Mg-based layers in different conditions. Thus one can conclude from this preliminary study that TSAhas the ability toprotect carbon steel in both aerated and deaerated seawater.

NACE Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance