AMPP Store - NACE Conference Papers

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Assessing Pipe Integrity Using Wireless Sensors Networks and Bayesian Network Modelling

Product Number: 51319-13036-SG

Author: Shan Guan

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The power generation industry is seeking solutions to prevent failures in high energy piping systems including main steam and hot reheat steam pipelines. A thorough review of prior failures in these systems has shown that 60-70% of all failures can be attributed to hanger and strain monitoring systems not performing within specification for extended periods of times (typically 1-5 years). The typical failure mode has been creep in seam welds. The consequence of failure for high energy piping can be severe and the effect of unexpected or unknown displacements cannot be quantified when estimating remaining life.In this case study we developed wireless LIDAR sensor networks that can be installed on either hangers or above insulation on these piping systems. The purpose of the sensor network is to protect life property and environment by reducing the likelihood catastrophic failures of high energy piping. The wireless sensors would communicate with the central control system at a power station and alert plant staff when the piping strain / bulk displacement is outside of design limits. A Bayesian network model was created which links the piping displacement to the remaining creep life predicted based on API 591 “API 579-1: Fitness-For-Service”. Therefore by knowing real-time pipe displacement measured using wireless sensor network the remaining creep life can be dynamically predicted though the Bayesian network model.

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Assessing Stress Corrosion Cracking Risks on Stainless Steel Piping and Equipment

Product Number: 51317--8899-SG

ISBN: 8899 2017 CP

Author: Tina Tajalli

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper focuses on the risks of polythionic acid and chloride stress corrosion cracking, and reviews the risks from both internal process services and from external atmospheric and/or wet insulation conditions.

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Assessing the Corrosivity of Field Produced Water in in-situ Oil Sands Water Treatment Systems

Product Number: 51317--9389-SG

ISBN: 9389 2017 CP

Author: Tesfaalem Gebremedhin Haile

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A study on the corrosivity of field produced water obtained from in-situ oil sands operators to UNS G10180 carbon steel. Rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) and rotating cage autoclave (RCA) systems were used as test methods. The susceptibility of the carbon steel to pitting was also evaluated.

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Assessing the Influence of Coating Thickness on its Mechanically Induced Loss of Integrity

Product Number: 51317--9294-SG

ISBN: 9294 2017 CP

Author: Shyama Ranade

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A new method for in situ measurement of loss of coating integrity. Tensile samples with pipeline coatings of thicknesses from 250 to 2000 μm were subjected to tensile elongation, electrochemical impedance measured before and after. Confirmed with techniques such as optical microscopy.

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Assessment of Aging Mechanisms for Zirconium-Based High Burnup Fuel Cladding in Dry Storage Systems

Product Number: 51317--8939-SG

ISBN: 8939 2017 CP

Author: Pavan Shukla

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper provides detailed technical bases for defining whether a variety of aging mechanisms are credible for high burnup cladding alloys in dry storage beyond 20 years, and up to 60 years.

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Assessment of Anticorrosion/Antifouling Performances of a Novel Hybrid Epoxy-Siliconized Coating

Product Number: 51317--8906-SG

ISBN: 8906 2017 CP

Author: Rami Suleiman

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Protective polymeric coatings containing active biocides are an approach to address material loss due to corrosion and fouling of steel surfaces. Tests were done on a hybrid epoxy-siliconized coating was synthesized and embedded with biocides.

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Assessment of Cement-Lined Pipelines and Challenges

Product Number: MPWT19-14342

Author: Murtada H. Alsalman, Itoro L. Akrasi, Zakariya H. Alyacoub

Publication Date: 2019

$0.00

Steel pipeline is the optimum choice for transporting oil and gas due to its excellent strength,
material properties and cost. Some pipeline services require special attention to avoid
corrosion or erosion, e.g., corrosive water injection systems. To address this, internal liners
have been introduced, including cement-lined to protect the pipelines from such conditions.
Even though cement-liners enhance the reliability of the pipelines, there are still challenges
related to inspection. The inspection of cement-lined pipelines is difficult with in-line
inspection tools (ILI) due to surface roughness of the cement, which impacts the movement.
Also, the cement lining is too thick for the sensors of the ILI tool to measure the steel
thickness through the liner.
Cement-lined pipelines are frequently used for water injection system facilities where
common inspection techniques cannot be used due to inherent limitations. As safety,
reliability and continuity are important at Saudi Aramco operations, the team spare no effort
to ensure the integrity of these pipelines utilizing different inspection techniques. In 2017,
electromagnetic acoustic transmission (EMAT) inspection technology was utilized for the first
time on cement-lined pipelines at the water injection facilities. This paper describes the
capability and successful deployment of EMAT inspection technology.

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Assessment of Degradation Mechanisms for Nuclear Metal Fuel and TRISO Fuel During Transportation and Storage

Product Number: 51321-16425-SG

Author: Xihua He/ Yi-Ming Pan/Nathan Hall/Ricardo Torres/James Hammelman

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Assessment of Effects of Cavities and Narrow Channels on CP Design in the Marine Environment

Product Number: 51317--9275-SG

ISBN: 9275 2017 CP

Author: Tim Froome

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

General effects caused when cavities and narrow channels/annuli are present in marine structures. A series of computer-based parameter studies is performed. Also, investigated are effects of geometry on current flowing through a hole in a plate.

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Assessment of Microbially Influenced Corrosion Threats Using Molecular Microbiological Method

Product Number: 51317--9384-SG

ISBN: 9384 2017 CP

Author: Tesfaalem Gebremedhin Haile

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The presence of solids with nutrients that can support the growth of microbial communities may lead to microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) in carbon steel pipelines. This paper examined the microbial diversity of sludges obtained from four (4) different locations of a crude oil transmission system.

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Assessment of the HISC resistance of PH Nickel-based Alloys using the SSRT Test Method

Product Number: 51319-13284-SG

Author: Claude Duret-Thual

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Precipitation Hardened (PH) Ni-based alloys have proved to be sensitive to HydrogenInduced Stress Cracking (HISC) and HISC related failures in the Oil and Gas industry havebeen experienced in the case of UNS N07718 UNS N07725 and UNS N07716.Slow Strain Rate Tensile (SSRT) tests conducted under cathodic polarization gaveencouraging results as a means to evaluate HISC resistance when applied to UNS N07718better enabling the discrimination of acceptable and unacceptable microstructures as accordingto API 6A CRA. As a consequence an extensive test program was launched on several PH Nigrades a program both initiated and sponsored by 7(8) Oil & Gas Companies. The main objectives of this program were to develop a test method to allow for the evaluation of HISC resistance inorder to rank materials and possibly define acceptance criteria for each material and alsoto better understand the relationship between microstructure and HISC resistance. Twenty-eightindustrial Heats of PH Ni Alloys of eight material grades were fully characterized(microstructure mechanical properties) and evaluated using the SSRT test method underapplied cathodic polarization. The yield strength of the materials tested was in the range120 to 160 ksi. The quantitative susceptibility of the materials to HISC was established using the plastic elongation epCP and the plastic elongation ratio epCP/ epinert. Test results showed that some PH Alloys that exhibited acceptable microstructures in accordance with API 6ACRA did not necessarily exhibit high plastic elongation ratios. The need to implement HISC related tests in the selection of PH Ni base alloys for Oil and Gas applications is indicated.

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Assessment of the Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking Resistance of PH Ni Based Alloys using the SSR Method - Experimental Parameters and Related Issues

Product Number: 51319-13455-SG

Author: Elizabeth Trillo

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Within the framework of a Joint Industrial Project sponsored by several petroleum companies the behavior of several Precipitation Hardened (PH) Ni-based alloys with respect to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) resistance was studied using the Slow Strain Rate Tensile (SSRT) test method under hydrogen charging conditions. Three laboratories were involved in this program 28 industrial heats of different PH Ni-based alloy grades and yield strengths were tested. The experimental method selected for assessing the HISC resistance was the SSRT technique per NACE TM0198 performed at a strain rate of 10-6 sec-1 in both an inert environment and under Cathodic Polarization (CP) in 0.1N sulfuric acid at 40°C (using applied current density of 5 mA/cm2). In the preliminary phase of this program a round robin was performed that highlighted the need to measure the effective strain rate of the specimen during the elastic part of the SSRT test. Indeed depending on the equipment and the cell configuration significant differences can be found which may impact the test results. Other parameters such as the current density the gas cap composition were also studied in the preliminary work allowing the selection of the final test conditions. Once the test conditions had been optimized the study of each industrial heat (round bar approximately 8 inches in diameter) was carried out on specimens sampled in three locations 120 degrees apart and at mid radius. It was found that sampling different areas could lead to changes in the test results resulting mainly from microstructural variances at different locations of the bar. The results generated in this program could then be studied by relating plastic elongation obtained under CP as well as cracking mode and microstructure compliance with the API 6A CRA standard.

NACE Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance