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51314-4470-Magnetite Anodes for Deep Well Groundbeds

Picture for Magnetite Anodes for Deep Well Groundbeds
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Product Number: 51314-4470-SG
ISBN: 4470 2014 CP
Author: Torsten Krebs
Publication Date: 2014
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Today for the design and installation of impressed current anode groundbeds there are various anode materials available.Anode materials such as FeSi FeSiCr Mixed Metal Oxide coated titanium are being used on a regular basis. Beside the ones mentioned above Magnetite anodes are currently being used very successfully in Europe North Africa and the Middle East as well as in various other world locations and applications over the last 30 years.They are used for installation in both soil and seawater and also for high current application as in deep well groundbeds.This paper is based upon various case studies of large scale applications and shows the specific requirements for anode systems which have been installed under conditions where the soil and/or water contain a high chlorine concentration as is often found in many desert areas especially in North Africa and the Middle East.The anodic reaction ( 2Cl- - 2e- = Cl2 ) which occurs around the anode which is installed in such acid saline solutions causes chlorine gas production at the anode / electrolyte interface and a high chlorine gas concentration around the anodes and the anode components. This presence of chlorine gas is one of the major reasons for an anode groundbed failure.The threats to the anode groundbed systems and the recent developments in improving and optimizing the reliability of the Magnetite anode systems which in turn improves the required real lifetime expectations are all part and partial of this paper.Dipl.-Ing. Torsten KrebsManaging Director (CEO)GCP German Cathodic ProtectionGmbH & Co. KG--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Am Luftschacht 2345307 Essen / GermanyTel.: +49 201 615187-20 Fax: ++49 201 615187-10Email: krebs@gcp.deWeb: http://www.gcp.de(NACE Member #232174 NACE CP Specialist CP Competence Level 3 of DIN EN 15257:2006)
Today for the design and installation of impressed current anode groundbeds there are various anode materials available.Anode materials such as FeSi FeSiCr Mixed Metal Oxide coated titanium are being used on a regular basis. Beside the ones mentioned above Magnetite anodes are currently being used very successfully in Europe North Africa and the Middle East as well as in various other world locations and applications over the last 30 years.They are used for installation in both soil and seawater and also for high current application as in deep well groundbeds.This paper is based upon various case studies of large scale applications and shows the specific requirements for anode systems which have been installed under conditions where the soil and/or water contain a high chlorine concentration as is often found in many desert areas especially in North Africa and the Middle East.The anodic reaction ( 2Cl- - 2e- = Cl2 ) which occurs around the anode which is installed in such acid saline solutions causes chlorine gas production at the anode / electrolyte interface and a high chlorine gas concentration around the anodes and the anode components. This presence of chlorine gas is one of the major reasons for an anode groundbed failure.The threats to the anode groundbed systems and the recent developments in improving and optimizing the reliability of the Magnetite anode systems which in turn improves the required real lifetime expectations are all part and partial of this paper.Dipl.-Ing. Torsten KrebsManaging Director (CEO)GCP German Cathodic ProtectionGmbH & Co. KG--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Am Luftschacht 2345307 Essen / GermanyTel.: +49 201 615187-20 Fax: ++49 201 615187-10Email: krebs@gcp.deWeb: http://www.gcp.de(NACE Member #232174 NACE CP Specialist CP Competence Level 3 of DIN EN 15257:2006)
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