51316-7555-Influence of Iron Oxide (rust) on the Performance of Phosphonates as Calcium Carbonate Inhibitors

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Product Number: 51316-7555-SG

ISBN: 7555 2016 CP

Author: Zahid Amjad

Publication Date: 2016

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Control of oilfield scales especially under stressed conditions continues to pose serious operational challenges to the industrial technologists. Carbonates and sulfates scaling of alkaline earth metal ions is of particular interest because these salts as a rule show inverse solubility. Among the various strategies adopted to retard or prevent scaling is the use of chemical additives which depending on their chemistry and the nature of the solids forming inhibit nucleation crystal growth or both.Suspended solids such as clay corrosion products silica and bacteria are commonly encountered substances in feed water and/or process water and are not completely soluble and are present as particles. Since the complete removal of suspended solids from process water is not a feasible approach if large volumes are used dispersants are normally incorporated in the water treatment formulations to stabilize and/or disperse suspended solids.The focus of the present study is to investigate the impact of rust particles (iron oxide Fe2O3) on the performance of various commonly used phosphonates (i.e. AMP HEDP PBTC and PAPEMP) as CaCO3 inhibitors. For comparison performance data on polymeric additives will be discussed. In addition results will be presented on the characterization of CaCO3 crystals formed in the absence and presence of phosphonates and iron oxide.