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Concrete will crack – that is a fact. When cracks appear, they are dynamic or static, and structural or non-structural. If the crack is static, non-structural, and does not leak, epoxies are great to restore design strength. However, since concrete constantly shrinks, expands, and often leaks, the use of a flexible polyurethane resin to permanently seal active leaks is the optimum choice to create a leak-free environment.
Vinyl Ester based lining systems are a proven commodity as a corrosion control technology in Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Systems . The problem is they have proven to be alternatively successful or unsuccessful. The “how to” of receiving a good system is in learning the way a lining system works and the correct methods of application, so that a proper specification can be prepared.
This paper summarizes the results of ten years of External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA) application on more than 100 projects and includes a number of important lessons learned during the process.
This paper provides an introduction to the hot-dip galvanization process as an effective and important coating option and the necessary surface preparation steps for successful painting over hot-drip galvanized steel, also known as a duplex system. Proper practices and procedures must be used to prepare new and weathered zinc-coated surfaces on after-fabrication steel products for painting to improve the bond of paint to the zinc surface and provide long-term protection against corrosion.
There have been specifications written for the use of dehumidification during surface preparation and coatings since the early nineties. These early specs keyed in on parameters that were believed to get the job done and reflected the limited knowledge and experience of a very new industry. Since then, dehumidification has become much more widely accepted and specifications exist for pipes, above ground storage tanks, ships and containments.
This paper will cover the background of increasing regulations and audits, the reasons why many coatings and fireproofing systems prematurely fail, and also the solutions that may help address these issues that many operators face today.
Many utilities around the world are pursuing long-term operation (LTO) of their nuclear power plants beyond the initial licensing period. In the United States, the majority of the renewed licenses have allowed the period of operation to be for up to 60 years and a few renewed licenses of up to 80 years of operation, with comparable efforts worldwide. Aging Management Programs (AMPs) are a key element in long-term operation of nuclear power plant and require effective implementation to ensure long-term safety and reliability of vital systems, structures, and components (SSCs). Typically, aging management implementation strategies have been focused on near-term obligations, and these may not be optimal for accomplishing longer-term reliability and sustainability objectives. Therefore, to optimally manage the potential impacts of aging, risk insights can be leveraged using a consistent and sustainable Framework that would focus on high-value actions while reinvesting knowledge and resources. This would allow the implementation of AMPs to enhance and optimize inspection, repair, and mitigation activities.
The US light water reactor (LWR) fleet is a strategic US asset for meeting the demand for clean, sustained, and affordable energy. Extended operations are governed by endogenous (e.g., aging management, operation costs) and exogenous (e.g., natural gas, deployment of advanced nuclear reactors) economic factors but also by technical issues associated with doubling the original 40 year license period. Materials aging includes all critical components of the reactors, such as internals, reactor pressure vessel, cabling, and concrete structures.