AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Corrosion Control Without the Use of Toxic Heavy Metals

Product Number: 41213-793-SG

Author: Tony Gichuhi, David Tarjan

Publication Date: 2013

$20.00

Until recently heavy metal-based corrosion inhibitors were widely accepted as the best materials that could provide the corrosion protection needed in coatings. Corrosion inhibitors provide an indispensable function in protective coatings. The performance of a coating under corrosive conditions requires that corrosion inhibitors provide sustainable protection during the coating’s lifetime.

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Corrosion Damage of Injection String From the Deep Geothermal Well IDDP-2 in Reykjanes Iceland

Product Number: 51319-13247-SG

Author: Sigrun Karlsdottir

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

The drilling of the second deep geothermal well drilled in the Iceland Deep Drilling Project (IDDP) at Reykjanes geothermal field was successfully completed in beginning of the year 2017. The previously drilled RN 15 production well 2500 m deep at the Reykjanes high temperature geothermal field was used as the base for the IDDP-2 well. The final depth of the IDDP-2 well reached 4650 m depth with a bottom hole temperature measured to be 427°C and a pressure around 340 bar. This made the bottom of the IDDP-2 well reach fluid at supercritical conditions and become the deepest geothermal well in Iceland. The well was then injected with coldwater for stimulation. During the injection the pumping was interrupted and the water in the well was able to heat up. When the injection string (pipe) was retrieved from the well extensive corrosion damages were apparent on the lowest part of the injection string. Cracks were also observed on a 500-meter interval of the injection string pipe starting from the bottom part. The injection string was visually inspected on-site and selected parts were chosen for further failure analysis. Specimens from the pipe and pipe connections were examined using an optical microscope scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. This was done to investigate and discuss the most probably cause of the corrosion damages. Additionally the hardness of specimens of the pipe were measured and compared to the NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156 standard. This paper covers the procedure and results of the failure analysis of the injection string from IDDP-2 well.

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Corrosion Data Management Using 3D Visualisation and a Digital Twin

Product Number: 51320-14535-SG

Author: Robert Adey, Cristina Peratta, John Baynham

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

There is a gap between the Integrity management systems used by companies to manage their assets and the needs of the CP engineer. Integrity management systems do not fully meet the needs of the engineer responsible for corrosion as they do not provide access and visualizations of all the data the engineer needs to make fast and informed decisions. There is also often no easy way to see the trends in the data, or easily access the relevant video and photographic data also recorded during the survey.

Data from surveys is normally contained in reports and EXCEL spreadsheets often with different measurement locations and inconsistent naming of the locations between reports. In this paper a system is introduced which enables engineers to manage and visualise in 3D CP survey data and provide access to all the relevant information through a 3D visual interface to any member of the teams. The software gives the engineer the ability to visualize in 3D the historical and predicted CP protection on the structure and the status of the anodes in the CP system. It also provides information on long term trends in the survey data.

By integrating the corrosion data with a simulation model a “digital twin” of the structure can be created to make predictions of the present and future protection of all parts of the structure. For example the engineer can easily use the software to systematically monitor the differences between the model predictions and survey data to identify anomalies and give early identification of problems which will require action.

The paper will describe the system developed and present applications of both the 3D corrosion data visualisation and the simulation based digital twin

$Picture for Corrosion Deposits Data Base - X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Deposits from Oil and Gas Upstream Well/Production Systems$

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Corrosion Deposits Data Base - X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Deposits from Oil and Gas Upstream Well/Production Systems

Product Number: 51324-20831-SG

Author: Anil Kumar Chikkam; Mehrooz Zamanzadeh; Sunil Kumar Pulagam; Ganesh P; Perry Mortel

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper presents the analysis results of a wide range of corrosion deposits, scale deposits, and sludge collected from various components within the oil and gas upstream well/production systems. The accumulation of corrosion deposits within equipment can lead to catastrophic failures and unplanned shutdowns of well/production operations. Therefore, understanding the nature of these deposits and identifying their composition is crucial. This study aims to identify the phases and compounds present in corrosion deposits and determine their source. Furthermore, the identification and characterization of these deposits assist clients in determining the underlying causes of corrosion, enabling the development of effective corrosion mitigation strategies. The X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) data presented in this paper serves as a valuable resource for clients during major problems and shutdowns, as no comprehensive database of this nature currently exists. The paper also outlines the sample preparation and analysis procedures employed to examine these corrosion deposits thoroughly.

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Corrosion Failure Analysis And Corrosion Prevention Practice Of Water Injection Pipeline In Middle East Carbonate Oilfield

Product Number: 51321-16672-SG

Author: Zhengrong Ye; Xiang Zhou; Weidong Jiang; Zhichao Qiu; Xiaodong Cui; Guohao Chen; Huachang Chi; Weixiao Li; Zhiwen Yang; Maomao Wang

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Corrosion Failure Analysis of Corrugated UNS N10276 and Stainless Steel Flex Hoses

Product Number: 51321-16649-SG

Author: Surech Divi; Sri Krishna Chimbli

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Corrosion Failures of Stainless Steel Plate Exchangers in Oil Sands Pond Effluent Water

Product Number: 51324-20821-SG

Author: Reinaldo J Chung; Marilin Garcia; Jiaren (Jimmy) Jiang

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The premature failure of various plate exchangers used in pond effluent water service were investigated to identify the failure mechanism and take the necessary corrective actions to prevent reoccurrence. All the exchangers were made of austenitic stainless steel 316L plates. The heat exchanger units served to recover the waste heat, and to heat up the pond effluent water which is used for the primary extraction process. The study included a review of the equipment design and original materials selection criteria, chemical analysis of the water streams and characterization of the scales, metallurgical and electrochemical testing of the 316L plates in the lab under representative conditions. Results of the investigation and recommendations are discussed throughout the paper.

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Corrosion Fatigue and Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking in Sulfur Recovery Units

Product Number: 51324-20691-SG

Author: Saud I Al Otaibi; Mohamud Farah

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Sulfur Recovery units (SRUs) are widely used in the oil and gas industry to recover sulfur from refined products and acid gas waste from the natural gas process. This involves routing acid gas rich in hydrogen sulfide through a reaction furnace to produce molten sulfur in a thermal Claus reaction. Central to the operation of the SRUs is the Sulfur storage pit, which is an underground high depth structure used to temporarily store sulfur product before shipment. Sulfur pits contain a range of critical equipment and piping, such as sulfur product pumps and steam coils.The pumps are crucial for shipping the sulfur product, while the steam coils are used for maintaining the molten sulfur temperature between 270-280 °F to prevent solidification and higher sulfur viscosity. Consequently, any impact to the integrity of this equipment impacts the unit’s operational efficiency or worse, leads to total unit shutdown. This equipment is susceptible to a range of damage mechanisms resulting from both operational conditions, such as sulfuric acid corrosion and environmental cracking, resulting from steam leakage and ground water seepage respectively. This paper investigates sulfuric acid corrosion and corrosion fatigue — in sulfur pumps — resulting from the synergistic effects of both dynamic loading and chloride-induced pitting corrosion. The steam coils in the pit were also found to suffer from both sulfuric acid corrosion and chloride stress corrosion cracking. These damage mechanisms were determined following extensive metallurgical analysis of samples recovered from the pit. Furthemore, laboratory compositional analysis from various samples collected from the pumps and the pits showed significant quantity of sodium chloride, resulting from ground water ingress alongside corrosion, and cementitious products, such as iron sulfide, quartz – SiO2 and iron sulfate. These findings, alongside sample results of the post-inspection findings for the sulfur recovery unit pit and equipment, will be highlighted and discussed. Effective mitigations, including the use of permanent dewatering, will also be discussed.

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Corrosion Fatigue Of X80 Weld In Mild Sour Environment

Product Number: 51322-17778-SG

Author: Laurent Ladeuille, Richard Jones, Yifei Zeng, Xin Yue, Chih-Hsiang Kuo, Florian Thébault, Grégory Toguyeni

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Pipelines and rigid risers made in conventional X65 grade require large wall thickness to withstand the high loads imposed during installation and under operating conditions in deep and ultra-deepwater field developments. The use of high-strength steels like X80 is an attractive alternative since it improves catenary weight by reducing wall thickness.

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Corrosion Fatigue Performance of Materials in Delayed Cokers and Coker Blowdown Piping System

Product Number: 51324-20618-SG

Author: Haixia Guo; Millar Iverson; Simon Yuen; Sudeep Bohra; Liu Cao

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Very often the current body of knowledge and literature of fatigue performance in coke drums and blowdown piping system are linked to fatigue testing performed in air or in water. This paper summarizes the test results that were conducted using process fluids collected from a delayed coker. Both fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) tests and stress/strain – cycle fatigue endurance tests in sour water at 200°F (93°C) or in a hot oil mix at 460°F (238°C), with gas mixture containing H2S were conducted. Carbon steel, Alloy 625 and their corresponding weld metal specimens were tested. The test results indicate remarkable impact of environment on fatigue behavior. Frequency scanning FCGR tests in sour water environment showed that FCGR increased with decreasing load frequency, particularly with high ?K (32 ksi·vin or 35 MPa·vm ). When ?K was between 12 ksi·vin (13MPa·vm) and 36 ksi·vin (40 MPa·vm), FCGR of all specimens in sour water are higher than the mean + 2 SD (Standard Deviation) curve of carbon steel in air. Fatigue endurance tests in both sour water and hot oil environments showed various ranges of knock-down factors compared to test results in air. This testing program provides a better definition of the corrosion fatigue cracking mechanism of materials in delayed coker process. It also helps in the inspection planning of delayed coker equipment and in decisions on material selection.

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Corrosion In Confined Environments - The Importance Of High Supersaturation Of Dissolved Corrosion Products

Product Number: 51322-18025-SG

Author: Arne Dugstad, Simona Palencsár

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The paper discusses how SR_FeCO3 affects the stability of the corrosion product films and how SR_FeCO3 can be used to estimate the equilibrium pressure of H₂S in the annulus.

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Corrosion In Dense Slurry And Models Performance

Product Number: 51322-17743-SG

Author: Kofi Freeman Adane, Aaron Fuhr

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Slurry pipeline systems are used for the extraction of bitumen from mined ore in the oil sands industry in Alberta, Canada. Most of these extraction processes are open to atmosphere resulting in significant air ingress and entrainment within the slurry pipelines used to transport mined ore and tailings. In addition, for short hydrotransport slurry pipelines, the slurry is conditioned by air to create bubbles coated with a bitumen film called “air-sacks”.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance