AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Aluminization of Ni-Base Superalloys by Slurry and Pack Cementation Processes

Product Number: 51319-13487-SG

Author: Kailey Hanan

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Aluminide coatings were produced by halide activated pack cementation (HAPC) and halide activated slurry cementation (HASC) on Ni-base superalloys (UNS N07208 UNS N06230 and UNS N07718). Both HAPC and HASC are in situ chemical vapor deposition processes activated by halide salts. The chemical reactions deposit the desired element (aluminum in this case) on the surface of metallic alloys. The coating element subsequently diffuses into the substrate to modify the surface of the underlying alloy. Under oxidizing conditions the surface modified alloy forms a passive oxide layer that protects it from high temperature corrosion. In this study the characteristics of coatings applied by the pack and slurry cementation processes i.e. thickness microhardness microstructure and elemental distribution were studied using a broad range of techniques - X-ray diffraction (XRD) macrophotography optical and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The HAPC and HASC processes resulted in different coating characteristics. The HAPC process produced more consistent coating microstructures and thicknesses while the coatings applied by the HASC process were more variable. The effectiveness of HAPC and HASC coatings in high temperature environments was studied using isothermal oxidation testing.

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Aluminum Cold Spray for Aircraft Structural Repair

Product Number: 51323-18963-SG

Author: Sarah E. Galyon Dorman, Morish J. Ausherman, Justin W. Rausch

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Cold Spray (CS) is a solid-state deposition repair method that deposits 1-50um powder particles onto a substrate. A compressed gas acts as carrier to accelerate the particles through a converging-diverging nozzle to the substrate at supersonic speeds. Critical impact velocity is the velocity that is required to achieve sufficient bonding. CS process parameters as well as powder properties can be adjusted to achieve such velocities. The type of carrier gas will also change the spray velocity. Helium has the lowest molecular weight which allows for higher gas and particle velocity upon impact.

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Aluminum Corrosion & Corrosion Prevention in a Seacoast Atmospheric Environment

Product Number: 51219-222-SG

Author: Kenneth B. Tator

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

Aluminum, after iron is the second -most widespread metal used on earth. Unpainted aluminum forms a protective aluminum oxide layer over the pure aluminum metal alloy and, in most atmospheric environments, is resistant to corrosion deterioration. However, pure aluminum is virtually always alloyed with other metallic elements to enhance its properties, primarily to increase its strength, but also to improve its formability, weldability, machineability, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance.

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Aluminum Floating Roof Damage from Hydrotesting

Product Number: 51324-20804-SG

Author: Sudhakar Mahajanam; Jane Brown; Krista Heidersbach; Lokesh Choudhary

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

During construction or refurbishment of crude oil tanks, hydrotesting is routinely performed, sometimes with an aluminum floating roof or pontoons in place. Upon occasion, damage has been sustained to the aluminum floating roofs in a relatively short period of time. Damage is commonly believed to be a result of poor water quality with bacteria or chlorides being suspected of causing the corrosion. Galvanic coupling between the roof and the carbon steel tank has also been cited as a potential contributing factor. Experiments were set up using three types of aluminum alloys: AA 3003, AA 5052-H32 and AA 6061. The objective of the study was to replicate some common field conditions and to determine which mechanism could be the primary cause of damage; chlorides, bacteria or galvanic coupling. It is possible that the damage mechanisms act in concert, creating early life damage / failures. This paper shares some details from case studies on existing tanks and the results of the lab work to help pinpoint and identify the primary cause of such failures. The goal of this project was to approach this problem holistically.

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Aluminum Mold Corrosion And Protection

Product Number: 51321-16787-SG

Author: Zhangzhang Yin; Bingzhi Wang; Xuejun Wang; Anthony Kouba

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Amberjack (MC109A) – A Study of Preferential Weld Corrosion in Produced Water with High Organic Acids and Low Partial Pressure CO2

Product Number: 51319-13110-SG

Author: Jared Hebert

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

As a result of an internal corrosion weld leak on the low pressure header that resulted in a facility shut-in at MC109A an investigation was conducted to determine the cause of the failure and the subsequent mitigation practices going forward. The header was only in service for 3.5 years having been replaced in early January 2014 as a result of an internal weld failure on the original header log (> 20 years of service). One well the A16 was identified not only as a large water producer accounting for roughly 20% of the produced water at MC109A but also contained elevated concentrations of acetate (> 2000 mg/l). Weld comparisons of the original header weld metal vs. the newly failed header weld metal showed differences in chemical compositions. Laboratory and field coupons were created from sections of the newly failed header containing intact welds and studied to determine the effect of the elevated organic acid concentration on these weld specimens representative of those that failed within the system.

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Ambient Curing and Thermosetting of Polyurea and Polyurethane Castable Liner

Product Number: 41210-524-SG

Author: Dustin Le, Mike Babiarz

Publication Date: 2010

$20.00

For the last several decades, polyurethane/polyurea spray-applied elastomeric coatings have gained market acceptance as durable, and long-lasting protective coatings. With the advances of the high-pressure impingement spray equipment technology during mid-to-late 1980’s, fast setting, two component polyurethane/polyurea coatings finally have a fighting chance in the protective coatings market.

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Ammonia Stress Corrosion Cracking of Admiralty Brass Heat Exchanger Tubes in Refinery Cooling Water System

Product Number: 51324-20970-SG

Author: Sudharsanan Soundararajan

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Instrument air (IA) system is one of the critical systems in the utilities section of a refinery complex. IA system of this refinery consists of compressor package and dryer package to supply air to refinery header at 0.9Mpa (128 psi) with dew point less than -20degC (-4degF). The 3 stage compressors have intercoolers with extended plate surface fin type tubes. The metallurgy of the tubes is Admiralty brass SB-111 C44300. In this cooler, compressed air is in the shell side and fresh cooling water on the tube side. All 8 intercoolers in the compressor package leaked in a period of 1 month. A failed sample tube was analyzed using Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Stereo Microscope, SEM/EDS and XRD. This paper discusses the findings and the methodology used to identify the reason for failure as Ammonia Stress Corrosion Cracking. Process parameter analysis revealed that the leak from a recycle gas cooler in Hydrocracker unit as the possible source for ammonia in cooling water system. The full-length tube expansion for plate type fins is the source for residual stress. This paper briefs upon the IOW and the monitoring mechanisms for such mixed metallurgy closed loop cooling water system.

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Ammonium Chloride Corrosion in the Refining Industry

Product Number: 51317--9574-SG

ISBN: 9574 2017 CP

Author: Sudhakar Mahajanam

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper summarizes key case studies where Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) corrosion was observed. Best practices for process control and corrosion mitigation strategies have been recommended based on the learnings from these failures.

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An In-Depth Look at Standards Frequently Encountered by Industrial Painters

Product Number: 51218-164-SG

Author: L. Skip Vernon, Michael Damiano

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

This presentation you will Identify SSPC standards most commonly used by the industrial coatings industry and answer some frequently asked questions about SSPC standards.

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An Air Barrier System in Cambridge

Product Number: 41206-264-SG

Author: Michael F. MeLampy

Publication Date: 2006

$20.00

The MIT Brain and Cognitive Sciences Center project is a premier example of a liquid applied air barrier being used as a critical high-performance component within a building envelope for environmental control. This building is designed not only to be a world class research center, but also as a monument and landmark for Cambridge and MIT. Within the rapidly growing air barrier industry, liquid-applied systems have proven to be one of the prime choices for both designers and contractors in prestigious projects like this one.

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An Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Ultra Long-Life Coating Systems for Water Storage Tanks

Product Number: 41207-324-SG

Author: Michael L. Doolittle

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

Alkyds, the much-trusted coatings of the past were summarily replaced by the superior performance of the polyurethane coatings. The polyurethanes were then supplemented by the polyurethane with clear coat and the polyurethane with UV protector. These coatings promised a twenty-year life and resistance to fading. But now, those coatings are being challenged by the newcomer on the block, the ultra-high performance coatings which are promoted to perform well for up to thirty years.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance