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51315-5911-Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of High Strength Nickel Alloys for Oil and Gas Service

Picture for Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of High Strength Nickel Alloys for Oil and Gas Service
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Product Number: 51315-5911-SG
ISBN: 5911 2015 CP
Author: Stephen McCoy
Publication Date: 2015
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High strength Nickel alloys are widely used in subsea and downhole O&G applications for their excellent combination of mechanical properties toughness and corrosion resistance in sour environments. The continuing trend in the O&G industry is for using higher strength materials for high pressure – high temperature service however as strength increases materials may also become more susceptible to ambient temperature failure mechanisms associated with hydrogen absorption. In recent years resistance to Hydrogen Stress Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement as well as sour corrosion resistance have become of increasing interest to the industry due to a number of reported failures of high strength precipitation hardened Nickel alloy grades used in completion tools. The failures of the materials have been attributed to unfavourable microstructures increasing their susceptibility to HSC. A number of factors are known to influence HSC and this paper reviews previous work and shows laboratory results using different test techniques to demonstrate the influence of yield strength and microstructure on the resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement of Nickel alloys N07718 and N09945. Tests have been conducted in Hydrogen charging environments while conducting a slow strain rate test and also by pre-charging tensile samples and assessing the effect of hydrogen absorption on the materials ductility. The resistance of the Nickel alloys to HSC is correlated with microstructure mechanical properties and fracture appearance.keywords:Nickel alloys hydrogen embrittlement hydrogen stress cracking sour corrosion resistance microstructure
High strength Nickel alloys are widely used in subsea and downhole O&G applications for their excellent combination of mechanical properties toughness and corrosion resistance in sour environments. The continuing trend in the O&G industry is for using higher strength materials for high pressure – high temperature service however as strength increases materials may also become more susceptible to ambient temperature failure mechanisms associated with hydrogen absorption. In recent years resistance to Hydrogen Stress Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement as well as sour corrosion resistance have become of increasing interest to the industry due to a number of reported failures of high strength precipitation hardened Nickel alloy grades used in completion tools. The failures of the materials have been attributed to unfavourable microstructures increasing their susceptibility to HSC. A number of factors are known to influence HSC and this paper reviews previous work and shows laboratory results using different test techniques to demonstrate the influence of yield strength and microstructure on the resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement of Nickel alloys N07718 and N09945. Tests have been conducted in Hydrogen charging environments while conducting a slow strain rate test and also by pre-charging tensile samples and assessing the effect of hydrogen absorption on the materials ductility. The resistance of the Nickel alloys to HSC is correlated with microstructure mechanical properties and fracture appearance.keywords:Nickel alloys hydrogen embrittlement hydrogen stress cracking sour corrosion resistance microstructure
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The high strength and corrosion resistance of nickel-chromium alloys such as Alloy 718 and nickel-iron-chromium alloys such as Alloys 945 and 945X make them particularly good candidates for use in demanding environments in the upstream oil and gas industry. These materials generally perform well where resistance to sulphide stress cracking and chloride stress corrosion cracking is required. However whilst these alloys are considered ‘NACE compliant' environmentally-assisted failures can still occur.It is generally accepted that for hydrogen cracks to initiate there must be a critical combination of stress susceptible microstructure and hydrogen concentration. In this project the effect of microstructure is explored by heat treating Alloy 718 945 and 945X to standard and non-standard conditions. Tensile specimens were slow-strain-rate-tested in air and under CP to explore sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement. Finally the effect of a severe stress concentration in the form of a sharp notch was used to determine whether there is an enhanced susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement due to the presence of local stress raisers. The results are compared with tests undertaken by other authors under various hydrogen-charging conditions.
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Investigation of Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Precipitation Hardened Nickel Alloys Under Cathodic Protection Condition

Product Number: 51314-4248-SG
ISBN: 4248 2014 CP
Author: Weiji Huang
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