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51315-6113-Flow Patterns and Water Wetting in Gas-Oil-Water Three-Phase Flow—A Flow Loop Study

Picture for Flow Patterns and Water Wetting in Gas-Oil-Water Three-Phase Flow—A Flow Loop Study
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Product Number: 51315-6113-SG
ISBN: 6113 2015 CP
Author: Kok Eng Kee
Publication Date: 2015
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In oil and gas industry multiphase flow environment is frequently encountered both during the production and transportation of hydrocarbon products via pipelines. Most oil production wells naturally contain some fraction of water and gases. The fluids often flow concurrently in the pipelines leading to a variety of complex flow patterns in three-phase flow environment. However the presence of acid gases such as CO2 and H2S dissolvable in aqueous phase can lead to internal corrosion attack if the water comes into contact with the pipe wall a scenario known as ‘water wetting.’In this experimental work a large-scale 0.1m ID inclinable flow loop was used to study the three-phase gas-oil-water flow in horizontal and vertical positions. Light model oil (ro=823 kg/m3 mo=2.7 cP) 1wt.% aqueous NaCl solution and CO2 gas were utilized as the test fluids. Two measurement techniques: flush mounted conductivity pins and high speed video camera were employed for surface wetting determination and flow patterns visualization respectively. The flow patterns and surface wetting behaviors were quantified at various liquid velocities gas velocities and water cuts up to 20%. The flow patterns can be classified according to the global gas-liquid structure and local oil-water distribution. The flow patterns were seen to change from stratified to intermittent and finally annular flows as the superficial gas velocity increased while the local oil-water distribution can be either in separation or dispersion which varied dynamically in time and space. At low water cut of 1-5% the wetting results showed that adding the gas phase can help to keep water off the pipe wall leading to oil wetting. At high water cut water wetting prevailed and the added gas did not lessen the intensity of water wetting.
In oil and gas industry multiphase flow environment is frequently encountered both during the production and transportation of hydrocarbon products via pipelines. Most oil production wells naturally contain some fraction of water and gases. The fluids often flow concurrently in the pipelines leading to a variety of complex flow patterns in three-phase flow environment. However the presence of acid gases such as CO2 and H2S dissolvable in aqueous phase can lead to internal corrosion attack if the water comes into contact with the pipe wall a scenario known as ‘water wetting.’In this experimental work a large-scale 0.1m ID inclinable flow loop was used to study the three-phase gas-oil-water flow in horizontal and vertical positions. Light model oil (ro=823 kg/m3 mo=2.7 cP) 1wt.% aqueous NaCl solution and CO2 gas were utilized as the test fluids. Two measurement techniques: flush mounted conductivity pins and high speed video camera were employed for surface wetting determination and flow patterns visualization respectively. The flow patterns and surface wetting behaviors were quantified at various liquid velocities gas velocities and water cuts up to 20%. The flow patterns can be classified according to the global gas-liquid structure and local oil-water distribution. The flow patterns were seen to change from stratified to intermittent and finally annular flows as the superficial gas velocity increased while the local oil-water distribution can be either in separation or dispersion which varied dynamically in time and space. At low water cut of 1-5% the wetting results showed that adding the gas phase can help to keep water off the pipe wall leading to oil wetting. At high water cut water wetting prevailed and the added gas did not lessen the intensity of water wetting.
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51314-4068-Flow Patterns and Water Wetting in Oil-Water Two Phase Flow – A Flow Loop Study

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